Handwritten Music Recognition for Mensural notation with convolutional recurrent neural networks

Abstract

[EN] Optical Music Recognition is the technology that allows computers to read music notation, which is also referred to as Handwritten Music Recognition when it is applied over handwritten notation. This technology aims at efficiently transcribing written music into a representation that can be further processed by a computer. This is of special interest to transcribe the large amount of music written in early notations, such as the Mensural notation, since they represent largely unexplored heritage for the musicological community. Traditional approaches to this problem are based on complex strategies with many explicit rules that only work for one particular type of manuscript. Machine learning approaches offer the promise of generalizable solutions, based on learning from just labelled examples. However, previous research has not achieved sufficiently acceptable results for handwritten Mensural notation. In this work we propose the use of deep neural networks, namely convolutional recurrent neural networks, which have proved effective in other similar domains such as handwritten text recognition. Our experimental results achieve, for the first time, recognition results that can be considered effective for transcribing handwritten Mensural notation, decreasing the symbol-level error rate of previous approaches from 25.7% to 7.0%. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.First author thanks the support from the Spanish Ministry "HISPAMUS" project (TIN2017-86576-R), partially funded by the EU. The other authors were supported by the European Union's H2020 grant "Recognition and Enrichment of Archival Documents" (Ref. 674943), by the BBVA Foundacion through the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 Digital Humanities research grants "Carabela" and "HistWeather - Dos Siglos de Datos Cilmaticos", and by EU JPICH project "HOME - History Of Medieval Europe"(Spanish PEICTI Ref. PCI2018-093122).Calvo-Zaragoza, J.; Toselli, AH.; Vidal, E. (2019). Handwritten Music Recognition for Mensural notation with convolutional recurrent neural networks. Pattern Recognition Letters. 128:115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2019.08.021S11512112