Audio-based event detection for sports video

In this paper, we present an audio-based event detection approach shown to be effective when applied to the Sports broadcast data. The main benefit of this approach is the ability to recognise patterns that indicate high levels of crowd response which can be correlated to key events. By applying Hidden Markov Model-based classifiers, where the predefined content classes are parameterised using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, we were able to eliminate the need for defining a heuristic set of rules to determine event detection, thus avoiding a two-class approach shown not to be suitable for this problem. Experimentation indicated that this is an effective method for classifying crowd response in Soccer matches, thus providing a basis for automatic indexing and summarisation

Bernoulli HMMs at subword level for handwritten word recognition

This paper presents a handwritten word recogniser based on HMMs at subword level (characters) in which state-emission probabilities are governed by multivariate Bernoulli probability functions. This recogniser works directly with raw binary pixels of the image, instead of conventional, real-valued local features. A detailed experimentation has been carried out by varying the number of states, and comparing the results with those from a conventional system based on continuous (Gaussian) densities. From this experimentation, it becomes clear that the proposed recogniser is much better than the conventional systemWork supported by the EC (FEDER) and the Spanish MEC under the MIPRCV “Consolider Ingenio 2010” research programme (CSD2007-00018), the iTransDoc research project (TIN2006-15694-CO2-01), and the FPU grant AP2005-1840.Giménez Pastor, A.; Juan, A. (2009). Bernoulli HMMs at subword level for handwritten word recognition. En Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. Springer Verlag (Germany). 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02172-5_64S497504Giménez-Pastor, A., Juan-Císcar, A.: Bernoulli HMMs for Off-line Handwriting Recognition. In: Proc. of the 8th Int. Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems (PRIS 2008), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 86–91 (June 2008)Günter, S., Bunke, H.: HMM-based handwritten word recognition: on the optimization of the number of states, training iterations and Gaussian components. Pattern Recognition 37, 2069–2079 (2004)Gadea, M.P.: Aportaciones al reconocimiento automático de texto manuscrito. PhD thesis, Dep. de Sistemes Informàtics i Computació, València, Spain. Advisors: Vidal, E., Tosselli, A.H. (October 2007)Juan, A., Vidal, E.: Bernoulli mixture models for binary images. In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), Cambridge, UK, vol. 3 (August 2004)Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition.  5(1), 39–46 (2002)Rabiner, L., Juang, B.-H.: Fundamentals of speech recognition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1993)Romero, V., Giménez, A., Juan, A.: Explicit Modelling of Invariances in Bernoulli Mixtures for Binary Images. In: Martí, J., Benedí, J.M., Mendonça, A.M., Serrat, J. (eds.) IbPRIA 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4477, pp. 539–546. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Young, S., et al.: The HTK Book. Cambridge University Engineering Department (1995

Summed Parallel Infinite Impulse Response (SPIIR) Filters For Low-Latency Gravitational Wave Detection

With the upgrade of current gravitational wave detectors, the first detection of gravitational wave signals is expected to occur in the next decade. Low-latency gravitational wave triggers will be necessary to make fast follow-up electromagnetic observations of events related to their source, e.g., prompt optical emission associated with short gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we present a new time-domain low-latency algorithm for identifying the presence of gravitational waves produced by compact binary coalescence events in noisy detector data. Our method calculates the signal to noise ratio from the summation of a bank of parallel infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. We show that our summed parallel infinite impulse response (SPIIR) method can retrieve the signal to noise ratio to greater than 99% of that produced from the optimal matched filter. We emphasise the benefits of the SPIIR method for advanced detectors, which will require larger template banks.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, for PR

Promoting Engaged Scholarship Among Undergraduate University Students

The School Research Partnership (SRP) is an engaged scholarship program that promotes collaboration among undergraduate students, community partners, and university advisors. In this case study, we describe the Research Consultation Project (RCP), an undergraduate student independent study project that uses a community-based research approach to connect students, faculty, and community partners to help address critical societal issues. In the RCP, undergraduate students function as research consultants for representatives of local school districts or leaders of other community agencies and organizations such as a county commissioner or a nonprofit focused on post-secondary education opportunities for youth. The students work under the supervision of an advisor to address questions posed by the policymaker or practitioner. RCP meets different but complementary needs of the students and partners in ways that bridge student academic and applied learning, research, policy, and practice

Transformation of Hand-Shape Features for a Biometric Identification Approach

The present work presents a biometric identification system for hand shape identification. The different contours have been coded based on angular descriptions forming a Markov chain descriptor. Discrete Hidden Markov Models (DHMM), each representing a target identification class, have been trained with such chains. Features have been calculated from a kernel based on the HMM parameter descriptors. Finally, supervised Support Vector Machines were used to classify parameters from the DHMM kernel. First, the system was modelled using 60 users to tune the DHMM and DHMM_kernel+SVM configuration parameters and finally, the system was checked with the whole database (GPDS database, 144 users with 10 samples per class). Our experiments have obtained similar results in both cases, demonstrating a scalable, stable and robust system. Our experiments have achieved an upper success rate of 99.87% for the GPDS database using three hand samples per class in training mode, and seven hand samples in test mode. Secondly, the authors have verified their algorithms using another independent and public database (the UST database). Our approach has reached 100% and 99.92% success for right and left hand, respectively; showing the robustness and independence of our algorithms. This success was found using as features the transformation of 100 points hand shape with our DHMM kernel, and as classifier Support Vector Machines with linear separating functions, with similar success

The Entropy of a Binary Hidden Markov Process

The entropy of a binary symmetric Hidden Markov Process is calculated as an expansion in the noise parameter epsilon. We map the problem onto a one-dimensional Ising model in a large field of random signs and calculate the expansion coefficients up to second order in epsilon. Using a conjecture we extend the calculation to 11th order and discuss the convergence of the resulting series

Hierarchical multi-stream posterior based speech secognition system

Abstract. In this paper, we present initial results towards boosting posterior based speech recognition systems by estimating more informative posteriors using multiple streams of features and taking into account acoustic context (e.g., as available in the whole utterance), as well as possible prior information (such as topological constraints). These posteriors are estimated based on “state gamma posterior ” definition (typically used in standard HMMs training) extended to the case of multi-stream HMMs.This approach provides a new, principled, theoretical framework for hierarchical estimation/use of posteriors, multi-stream feature combination, and integrating appropriate context and prior knowledge in posterior estimates. In the present work, we used the resulting gamma posteriors as features for a standard HMM/GMM layer. On the OGI Digits database and on a reduced vocabulary version (1000 words) of the DARPA Conversational Telephone Speech-to-text (CTS) task, this resulted in significant performance improvement, compared to the stateof-the-art Tandem systems.