Relationship between Tibial conformation, cage size and advancement achieved in TTA procedure

Previous studies have suggested that there is a theoretical discrepancy between the cage size and the resultant tibial tuberosity advancement, with the cage size consistently providing less tibial tuberosity advancement than predicted. The purpose of this study was to test and quantify this in clinical cases. The hypothesis was that the advancement of the tibial tuberosity as measured by the widening of the proximal tibia at the tibial tuberosity level after a standard TTA, will be less than the cage sized used, with no particular cage size providing a relative smaller or higher under-advancement, and that the conformation of the proximal tibia will have an influence on the amount of advancement achieved

L-configuration re-attachment of distal biceps tendon rupture

In distal biceps tendon ruptures, re-attachment to the radial tuberosity should ensure adequate tendon to bone contact for optimal healing

Maxillary nerve block: A comparison between the greater palatine canal and high tuberosity approaches.

Aim: Analgesia and anxiolysis during dental procedures are important for dental care and patient compliance. This study aims to compare two classical maxillary nerve block (MNB) techniques: the greater palatine canal (GPC) and the high tuberosity (HT) approaches, seldom used in routine dental practice. Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients, scheduled for sinus lift surgery, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: the GPC approach to the MNB was used in 15 and the HT one in the other 15 patients. Anxiolysis was also used, depending on the results of the pre- preoperative assessment. Patients\u2019 sensations/pain during the procedure, details about anesthesia, and the dentist\u2019s considerations were all recorded. Data are expressed as mean \ub1SD. Statistical tests including ANOVA, \u3c72 following Yates correction and linear regression analysis were carried out. A < 0.05 p value was considered significant. Results: Study results showed that the anesthesia was effective and constant in the molar and premolar area. Additional infiltrations of local anesthetics were necessary for vestibular and palatal areas in the anterior oral cavity, respectively, in the GPC and HT groups. The two techniques were equally difficult to carry out in the dentist\u2019s opinion. There were no differences in pain or unpleasant sensations between the two groups, nor were any anesthesia-related complications reported. Conclusion: The GPC approach ensures effective anesthesia in the posterior maxillary region as far as both the dental pulp and the palatal/vestibular mucous membranes are concerned; the HT approach did not guarantee adequate anesthesia of the pterygopalatine branch of the maxillary nerve. These regional anesthesia techniques were characterized by a low incidence of intra and postoperative pain, no noteworthy complications, and high patient satisfaction

New systematic insights about plio-pleistocene moles from poland

The generic attribution of the Plio-Pleistocene Polish moles ?Neurotrichus polonicus and ?Neurotrichus skoczeni has been questioned several times in the past. The fossil material belonging to ?Neurotrichus polonicus and ?Neurotrichus skoczeni is re-evaluated here and a new diagnosis is provided on the basis of qualitative considerations. In addition, a Geometric Morphometric analysis of the humerus has been performed including both extant and extinct Neurotrichini and Urotrichini taxa for comparison. Our results proved the unique morphology of the Polish material suggesting a distinct taxonomic state. The morphological variations evidenced by the humeral shape analysis agree with the observed qualitative differences and support a new generic allocation. The new genus Rzebikia gen. nov. is proposed for all the material previoulsly ascribed to ?Neurotrichus polonicus and ?Neurotrichus skoczeni

Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species

While the diversity of 'southern seals', or Monachinae, in the North Atlantic realm is currently limited to the Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus, their diversity was much higher during the late Miocene and Pliocene. Although the fossil record of Monachinae from the North Atlantic is mainly composed of isolated specimens, many taxa have been erected on the basis of fragmentary and incomparable specimens. The humerus is commonly considered the most diagnostic postcranial bone. The research presented in this study limits the selection of type specimens for different fossil Monachinae to humeri and questions fossil taxa that have other types of bones as type specimens, such as for Terranectes parvus. In addition, it is essential that the humeri selected as type specimens are (almost) complete. This questions the validity of partial humeri selected as type specimens, such as for Terranectes magnus. This study revises Callophom obscure, Homiphoce capensis and Phophoca etrusca, all purportedly known from the Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, in addition to their respective type localities in Belgium, South Africa and Italy, respectively. C. obscure is retained as a mona chine seal taxon that lived both on the east coast of North America and in the North Sea Basin. However, FL capensis from North America cannot be identified beyond the genus level, and specimens previously assigned to Pl. etrusca from North America clearly belong to different taxa. Indeed, we also present new material and describe two new genera of late Miocene and Pliocene Monachinae from the east coast of North America: Auroraphoca atlantica nov. gen. et nov. sp., and Virginiaphoca magurai nov. gen. et nov. sp. This suggests less faunal interchange of late Neogene Monachinae between the east and west coasts of the North Atlantic than previously expected

Therapeutic ultrasound as an aid in tibial fracture management in a dog

A six-year-old, male, neutered Bernese mountain dog was presented with acute left hind limb lameness. Based on the symptoms, orthopedic examination and radiographic evaluation, a cranial cruciate ligament rupture was diagnosed. Surgical treatment with TTA Rapid was performed with good result. At two weeks postoperatively, the dog developed a fracture of the proximal tibia, due to excessive activity. Conservative treatment consisting of a splint and rest was advised. Physiotherapeutic ultrasonography and exercises were started to stimulate bone healing. After eight sessions, the dog was clinically much better, and radiographs showed a good evolution with a clear callus. Follow-up controls confirmed the progressive evolution

Circular frame fixation for calcaneal fractures risks injury to the medial neurovascular structures: a cadaveric description

Aim: There is a risk of iatrogenic injury to the soft tissues of the calcaneus and this study assesses the risk of injury to these structures in circular frame calcaneal fracture fixation. Materials and Methods: After olive tip wires were inserted, an L-shaped incision on the lateral and medial aspects of 5 formalin fixed cadaveric feet was performed to expose the underlying soft tissues. The calcaneus was divided into zones corresponding to high, medium and low risk using a grading system. Results: Structures at high risk included the posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein and posterior tibial nerve on the medial aspect. Soft tissue structures on the lateral side that were shown to be at lower risk of injury were the small saphenous vein and the sural nerve and the tendons of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis. Conclusion: The lateral surface of the calcaneus provides a lower risk area for external fixation. The risk of injury to significant soft tissues using a circular frame fixation approach has been shown to be greater on the medial aspect. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the relevant anatomical relations in circular frame fixation for calcaneal fractures to minimize damage to these structures

On Prophoca and Leptophoca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm : redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications

Background: Prophoca and Leptophoca represent the oldest known genera of phocine seals, dating from the latest early to middle Miocene. Originally, Prophoca rousseaui and Prophoca proxima were described based on fragmentary remains from the Miocene of Belgium. However, several researchers contested the union of Prophoca rousseaui and Prophoca proxima into one genus, without providing evidence. The stratigraphic context of Prophoca remained poorly constrained due to the lack of precise data associated with the original specimens collected in the area of Antwerp (north of Belgium). Methods: Prophoca and Leptophoca are redescribed and their phylogenetic position among Phocidae is reassessed using PAUP. Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy has been carried out on sediment samples associated with specimens from Prophoca and Leptophoca to elucidate their approximate ages. Results: Whereas the species Prophoca rousseaui is redescribed, Prophoca proxima is considered synonymous to Leptophoca lenis, with the proposal of a new combination Leptophoca proxima (Van Beneden, 1877). Sediment samples from specimens of both taxa have been dated to the late Langhian-early Serravallian (middle Miocene). Following a reinvestigation of Leptophoca amphiatlantica, characters from the original diagnosis are questioned and the specimens of Leptophoca amphiatlantica are considered Leptophoca cf. L. proxima. In a phylogenetic analysis, Prophoca rousseaui and Leptophoca proxima constitute early branching stem-phocines. Discussion: Leptophoca proxima from the North Sea Basin is younger than the oldest known find of Leptophoca proxima from North America, which does not contradict the hypothesis that Phocinae originated along the east coast of North America during the late early Miocene, followed by dispersal to Europe shortly after. Morphological features of the appendicular skeleton indicate that Prophoca rousseaui and Leptophoca proxima have archaic locomotory modes, retaining a more prominent use of the fore flipper for aquatic propulsion than extant Phocidae

Osteochondral fragments in the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joint and their clinical importance

The radiographic evaluation of the fetlock joint as part of a lameness or prepurchase examination often reveals osteochondral fragmentation. These fragments can either be causing lameness or have no clinical importance at the time of examination. However, they can cause lameness at a later stage. An appropriate analysis of the situation requires a correct assessment of the fragment type and an up-to-date knowledge of their possible clinical importance. In this overview, the most common types of fetlock fragments, such as dorsoproximal first phalanx (PI) and proximal synovial pad fragments, as well as fragmentation on the proximal palmar/plantar border of PI and of the sesamoid bones are discussed. A few cases of uncommon large fragmentation on the abaxial borders of P1 are included. Fetlock fractures, obviously causing lameness, such as dorsofrontal fractures of the proximal phalanx, distal metacarpal/metatarsal and sesamoid bone fractures, are not dealt with in this review