Calibration of a turbidity meter for making estimates of total suspended solids concentrations and beam attenuation coefficients in field experiments

Management of water resources such as a reservoir requires using analytical models which describe such parameters as the suspended sediment field. To select or develop an appropriate model requires making many measurements to describe the distribution of this parameter in the water column. One potential method for making those measurements expeditiously is to measure light transmission or turbidity and relate that parameter to total suspended solids concentrations. An instrument which may be used for this purpose was calibrated by generating curves of transmission measurements plotted against measured values of total suspended solids concentrations and beam attenuation coefficients. Results of these experiments indicate that field measurements made with this instrument using curves generated in this study should correlate with total suspended solids concentrations and beam attenuation coefficients in the water column within 20 percent

Laboratory measurements of physical, chemical, and optical characteristics of Lake Chicot sediment waters

Reflectance, chromaticity, diffuse attenuation, beam attenuation, and several other physical and chemical properties were measured for various water mixtures of lake bottom sediment. Mixture concentrations range from 5 ppm to 700 ppm by weight of total suspended solids in filtered deionized tap water. Upwelled reflectance is a nonlinear function of remote sensing wave lengths. Near-infrared wavelengths are useful for monitoring highly turbid waters with sediment concentrations above 100 ppm. It is found that both visible and near infrared wavelengths, beam attenuation correlates well with total suspended solids ranging over two orders of magnitude

Nutrient and Total Suspended Solids Data for Back Bay (1986-1989)

Surface water samples from Back Bay, Virginia were analyzed for nutrient and total suspended solids on a monthly basis from April, 1986 through December, 1989. The concentrations of total phosphorus, erthophosphate, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, and total ammonia generally fell within the normal range and did not indicate high nutrient loading. However, the concentrations of total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were high, exceeding EPA reference levels. Soil particles kept in suspension by wind driven wave action was the primary factor for the high concentration of total suspended solids. The high concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen was due to an abundance of organic matter, primarily plant detritus and plankton. Seasonal patterns were noted for nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen

Total suspended solids in Las Vegas Wash

Erosion along the Las Vegas Wash (Wash) has increased steadily along with the rapidly increasing population. The focus of this study is to find out if there is a relationship between lower total suspended solids rate (TSS) and the construction of erosion control structures along the Wash. The study was conducted between 7/15/2003 and 11/29/2004. The method was water sampling on 7 sites and the samples were analyzed at Southern Nevada Water Systems (SNWS) laboratory at Saddle Island in Boulder City. Additional water quality data was also collected using Quanta, a device measuring different parameters in water. In this study 5 parameters were collected: temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen(% and mg/l), pH, conductivity (uS/cm). and turbidity (NTU). The results of the TSS samples reflect considerable decline in sediment level and transport to Las Vegas Bay

Effects of Solids Removal on Water Quality and Channel Catfish Production in a Biofloc Technology Production System

Total suspended solids control was evaluated in a channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) biofloc technology production system. Settling chamber flow rates were 0.9 (LO) or 2.9 (HI) L/min to reduce total suspended solids to 300 mg/L; solids were not removed from control tanks. Channel catfish yields (7.6–8.7 kg/m3) were not affected significantly, but control fish were skewed toward smaller size classes. Control treatment channel catfish tolerated 1,410 mg/L total suspended solids without adverse effects. LO- and HI-treatment fillet geosmin concentrations were high enough to be designated as off-flavor. Water quality results suggested that nitrification was affected by solids removal

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI ARANG AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KEMIRI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR AMONIA (NH3) TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) DAN POTENTIAL HYDROGEN (PH) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU

Research has prepared and characterized activated charcoal from candlenut shells as an adsorbent to reduce ammonia levels, total suspended solids, and hydrogen potential in tofu industrial wastewater. The stages of this research include the Production of activated charcoal from candlenut shells with the combustion process at a temperature of 550 0C for 2 hours in the furnace, achieved sieved using a 100 mesh sieve and then chemically activated by soaking the charcoal in phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 4M solution for 24 hours Furthermore, activated charcoal is characterized based on SNI No. 06-2730-1995 which cover moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content and iodine absorption and based on this research obtained that moisture content (5,56%), ash content (4,96%), volatile matter content (3,2%), bound carbon content (91,84%),) and iodine absorption (224,94mg/g). Before adding charcoal activated in tofu industrial wastewater,  Ammonia levels were 174 mg/L,  total suspended solids 23 mg/L, and hydrogen potential  5. But after adding charcoal-activated Ammonia levels of 7,85 mg/L,  total suspended solids 165 mg/L, and hydrogen potential  6,5. Based on the data ob, trained activated charcoal from candlenut shells can use as an adsorbent to reduce ammonia levels, total suspended solids, and hydrogen potential in tofu industrial wastewater by environmental regulations

Environmental Study of Some Water Characteristics at Um-Al-Naaj Marsh, South of Iraq.

Um-Al-Naaj region in Al-Hawiezah Marsh, Southern Iraq was chosen to study the environmental variations of some water characteristics during 2008, seasonally. The results showed clear seasonal changes in values of some environmental variables (temperature, depth, light penetration, turbidity, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, reactive phosphate, reactive nitrite, and reactive nitrate), while there were no clear seasonal changes in electrical conductivity and salinity values. In addition, high nutrients concentrations and light penetration were noted. Statistical analysis showed significant positive relationship between air and water temperature; electrical conductivity and salinity. Water turbidity was significantly affected by total suspended solids. On the other hand, some of the studied variables had significant negative effects (relative relationships) to each other, when water pH and dissolved oxygen were affected by temperature; total suspended solids and turbidity affected also light penetration

A Parabolic-Curvilinear Reverse-Flow Air-Flotation System (PAF) for Removal of Suspended Solids in Sago Starch Production Wastewater Effluents

A Parabolic-Curvilinear Reverse-Flow Air-Flotation Treatment System (PAF) was recently developed for the removal of total suspended solids from sago starch production wastewater effluents. The primary components of the system consist of a parabolic-curved plate, a series of water pumps, an air curtain and valve-froth collection plates to repeat bubbling treatment in a gradually increasing movement flow. Performance tests were carried out by using synthesized sago wastewaters. Performance tests were carried out to determine the total suspended solids and turbidity removal efficiencies. Total suspended solids of the synthesized sago wastewaters ranged from 95 to 515 mg/L, 86.9 to 413 NTU for turbidity and 5.44 to 7.43 for pH. The total suspended solids and turbidity removal efficiencies of this system were found to be proportional to residence time, and inversely proportional to influent flowrate. The highest achievable total suspended solids and turbidity removal efficiencies for this treatment system recorded 85.63% and 77.89%, respectively. The presence of parabolic-curved plate in the system could improve the removal efficiencies as high as 34.22% for total suspended solids and 37.82% for turbidity. The system performance can further be improved by 13.65% for total suspended solids removal and 24.49% for turbidity removal with the installation of air curtain whilst 9.04% for total suspended solids removals and 6.03% for turbidity removals with the installation of water pumps in the system. Additional 17.2% of total suspended solids and 3.1% of turbidity level removals could be achieved by application of chemicals, i.e., alum and sodium aluminate

Reduction of COD and TSS of waste effluents from a sugar industry through the use of air micro-nanobubbles

The sugar industry uses large volumes of water for its production process. The discharge of effluents is one of the main problems that affects mainly rivers, seas, resulting in the high level of pollution that captures plant and aquatic life. The objective of this research is to reduce the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solids by treating air nanobubbles. The experiment was carried out with a sample of sugar process effluent having as the initial concentration value of the Chemical Oxygen Demand of 412.15 mg O2/L. and Total Suspended Solids of 620 mg TSS/L. After treating the water in a time of 90 minutes it was obtained as final result the Chemical Oxygen Demand was 66.13 mg O2 /L and Total Suspended Solids 131 mg TSS/L, improving water quality as well as for reuse for another type of use

Using SeaWiFS and In Situ Data for HAB Prediction in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Decision Tree Analysis

To date, 13 potential HAB species have been detected in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama, including representatives of the diatom genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Chaetoceros, and dinoflagellate genera Karenia, Gonyaulax, Akashiwo, Karlodinium, and Prorocentrum. This study investigates the potential of satellite remote sensing (SeaWiFS) to predict environmental conditions leading to the formation of HABs in these turbid coastal waters. Phytoplankton populations and water quality were monitored in situ at 3 to 6 week intervals and 17 locations in Mobile Bay and the Mississippi Sound from December, 2004, through June, 2006. SeaWiFS imagery corresponding with in situ collections was acquired. Non-parametric multivariate analyses determined relationships between phytoplankton cell counts and in situ or satellite-derived water properties, including surface temperature, salinity, concentrations of chlorophyll, total suspended solids, colored dissolved organic material, and nutrient levels. This paper will describe an expert system decision tree analysis approach to prediction of ecological conditions necessary for the formation of HABs. The model assumes unique ranges of remote sensing reflectance ratios, Chl a, and total suspended solids must exist within the environment are conducive for the formation of HABs. 
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