Impact of Daily Commuting on Cyberloafing and Procrastination

This paper examines how commute impedances (crowding and time urgency) are associated with recovery experiences (psychological detachment and relaxation), which in turn are associated with cyberloafing and procrastination. Based on a survey of 106 full-time employees who used public transport (buses and mass rapid transit) to work, we found that relaxation significantly mediated the relationship between crowding and cyberloafing, but did not mediate the relationship between time urgency and cyberloafing. Psychological detachment significantly mediated the relationship between time urgency and procrastination, but did not mediate the relationship between crowding and procrastination. Our results suggest that employees should be cognizant of how their psychological states upon arrival at the workplace can affect their work in the morning. Consequently, employees can incorporate morning workplace rituals that facilitate their psychological transition to work. As well, organizations can implement measures that allow employees reattach back to work in the morning

A Typical Model Audit Approach: Spreadsheet Audit Methodologies in the City of London

Spreadsheet audit and review procedures are an essential part of almost all City of London financial transactions. Structured processes are used to discover errors in large financial spreadsheets underpinning major transactions of all types. Serious errors are routinely found and are fed back to model development teams generally under conditions of extreme time urgency. Corrected models form the essence of the completed transaction and firms undertaking model audit and review expose themselves to significant financial liability in the event of any remaining significant error. It is noteworthy that in the United Kingdom, the management of spreadsheet error is almost unheard of outside of the City of London despite the commercial ubiquity of the spreadsheet.Comment: 5 Page

Holistic Health and Hawaii\u27s Renewable Energy Future

Collective efficacy, time urgency, and health literacy have been a focus of research since the 1970s. Researchers have demonstrated that these factors influence health and decision making. However, researchers have yet to establish how these factors may be connected to the achievement of policy aims that impact holistic or environmental health. This study utilized the health belief model, social cognitive theory, time urgency theory, health education and promotion theory, Bronfenbrenner\u27s ecological systems theory, and the Meikirch model. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if the factors of collective efficacy, perceived time urgency, perceived health literacy, ethnicity, age, gender, perceived financial strain, and/or educational level are associated with the perception of the likelihood of reaching 100% renewable energy in North Hawaii County (Hawaii Island) by the year 2045, referred to as REHI45. A sample of 136 residents of North Hawaii County completed a survey to measure these factors. A multiple linear regression analysis was run to test relationships among the variables. Results revealed that collective efficacy, perceived time urgency, and perceived health literacy were significantly associated with the perceived likelihood of REHI45. These findings may inform the design of intervention programs and/or preventative measures to promote overall long-term health and positive social change in North Hawaii County. Individuals, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies may benefit from the results of this study through its ability to raise awareness of factors that influence the perceived likelihood of achieving REHI45

Overcoming the Mum Effect in IT Project Reporting: Impacts of Fault Responsibility and Time Urgency

The mum effect ?a project member\u27s reluctance to report bad news about a troubled project ?has been recognized as an important contributor to project failure. While there are many potential factors that can influence the mum effect, in this study we focus on two factors that are particularly important in today\u27s software development environment: (1) the issue of fault responsibility that arises in the context of outsourced IT projects that involve an external vendor, and (2) the issue of time urgency, which has become more important as firms seek to compete on Internet time, developing and delivering applications with greater speed than ever before. We draw upon the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985) to examine how fault responsibility and time urgency ultimately affect a project member\u27s IT project reporting decision. Based on the results of a controlled laboratory experiment, we confirmed that the basic whistle-blowing model holds in an IT project context and found that both fault responsibility and time urgency can have significant effects on an individual\u27s willingness to report bad news. Fault responsibility exerts both direct and indirect influence on willingness to report bad news, while time urgency was found only to exert an indirect influence on willingness to report bad news. One implication of our study is that when fault responsibility rests with an outside vendor, this can actually increase the probability that a client employee will report the bad news to his or her management, provided that the vendor is not able to hide the problem entirely from the client organization. With respect to time urgency, our results suggest that managers may be able to increase individuals\u27 willingness to report by emphasizing that there is a narrow window of time to correct defects before a project is delivered and the impacts of defects start to be felt. Contributions and directions for future research are discussed

A psychology literature study on modality related issues for multimodal presentation in crisis management

The motivation of this psychology literature study is to obtain modality related guidelines for real-time information presentation in crisis management environment. The crisis management task is usually companied by time urgency, risk, uncertainty, and high information density. Decision makers (crisis managers) might undergo cognitive overload and tend to show biases in their performances. Therefore, the on-going crisis event needs to be presented in a manner that enhances perception, assists diagnosis, and prevents cognitive overload. To this end, this study looked into the modality effects on perception, cognitive load, working memory, learning, and attention. Selected topics include working memory, dual-coding theory, cognitive load theory, multimedia learning, and attention. The findings are several modality usage guidelines which may lead to more efficient use of the user’s cognitive capacity and enhance the information perception

Time-Related Individual Differences.

Post-modernism has brought about changing demands with respect to time in work organisations. Whilst the impact of this has been given some attention at both the organisational and individual level far less has been given to a consideration of the extent to which individual differences might moderate the impact of such changes. In order to proceed with this line of enquiry it is necessary first to be able to measure individual differences related to time. This paper, through an analysis and synthesis of existing measures of individual attitudes/approaches to time, a subsequent qualitative study, and large quantitative survey study (N=683) identifies a five factor structure for time-related individual differences (Time Personality) and reports on the development of five complementary measurement scales : Leisure Time Awareness, Punctuality, Planning, Polychronicity and Impatience. A series of reliability and validity studies indicate that the scales are psychometrically sound. The findings are discussed in the context of the role Time Personality might play in moderating the effects that differing organisational structures and changing work demands might have in organisational settings

Examining the Relationship Between Time-related Diversity Variables and Team Conflict

This research sought to extend the team diversity literature to examine the relationships between three time-related individual difference variables and team conflict. This study answers the call for team research that incorporates time and outcome variables other than performance or deadline adherence. The present longitudinal study of engineering project teams (N=72), explored how diversity in regards to polychronicity, time urgency and pacing styles affect task and relationship conflict in teams over time. Based on results, polychronicity diversity was positively related to task conflict at Time 1 and relationship conflict at Time 3, while time urgency diversity was negatively related to both task and relationship conflict at Time 2. These results call into question the assumption that the effect of deep-level traits increases over time (Harrison, Price, & Bell, 1998). Strengths, limitations and directions for future research are discussed

Slow Counseling: Promoting Wellness in a Fast World

Recent technological advances have spurred a fast-paced style of living that has become increasingly commonplace around the world. Professional counselors are therefore recognizing that many clients are seeking ways to reduce stress and cultivate a more balanced approach to life. Rooted in the Slow Movement, Slow Counseling offers counselors a wellness-focused foundation for addressing the time urgency and stress often reported by today’s clients

It's about time! CEO temporal dispositions, CEO temporal leadership and corporate entrepreneurship

How CEOs think and feel about time may have a big influence on their firms’ strategies. We examine how two distinct CEO temporal dispositions—time urgency (the feeling of being chronically hurried) and pacing style (one’s pattern of effort over time in working toward deadlines)—each influence corporate entrepreneurship, a key strategic behavior. We propose that CEOs’ temporal leadership—how they manage the temporal aspects of top management teams’ activities—mediates the relationships between their temporal dispositions and corporate entrepreneurship—firms’ innovation, corporate venturing, and strategic renewal activities. Using a sample of 129 small and medium-sized Chinese firms, we find that CEOs’ time urgency is positively related to their temporal leadership, which in turn is positively related to corporate entrepreneurship. We also examine the effects of three distinct pacing styles: early-action, meaning the CEO exerts the most effort early in the task process and relaxes as the deadline nears; steady-action, meaning the CEO spreads out effort evenly across the time allotted; and deadline-action, meaning the CEO is most active as the deadline nears. We find that the deadline-action style inhibits CEOs’ temporal leadership, but the steady-action and early-action styles have similar effects on their temporal leadership. This study explicates the dispositional basis of executives’ subjective views of time, demonstrating how CEOs’ temporal dispositions shape firms’ behavior

Language and Culture in Relation to Intercultural Communication in a Business Context

Intercultural communication; that is, face-to-face communication between people from different cultural background, often has hindrances because of some factors such as the vocabulary, the discourse pattern and the concept of time. Thus, this paper will analyze how these factors can hinder the intercultural communication between the Asians and Americans and what might become the result of the intercultural miscommunication, especially in business contexts