This paper examines how commute impedances (crowding and time urgency) are associated with recovery experiences (psychological detachment and relaxation), which in turn are associated with cyberloafing and procrastination. Based on a survey of 106 full-time employees who used public transport (buses and mass rapid transit) to work, we found that relaxation significantly mediated the relationship between crowding and cyberloafing, but did not mediate the relationship between time urgency and cyberloafing. Psychological detachment significantly mediated the relationship between time urgency and procrastination, but did not mediate the relationship between crowding and procrastination. Our results suggest that employees should be cognizant of how their psychological states upon arrival at the workplace can affect their work in the morning. Consequently, employees can incorporate morning workplace rituals that facilitate their psychological transition to work. As well, organizations can implement measures that allow employees reattach back to work in the morning
