29,415 research outputs found

    Karcinomska bol i terapija

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    Cancer pain is not a homogenous and clearly understood pathological process. The best treatment is a combination of drug and non-drug measures. Pain is divided into visceral, bone or neuropathic pain and has characteristics of continuous or intermittent pain. Cancer bone pain therapy remains centered on strong opioid, radiotherapy and bisphosphonates. Invasive procedures are aimed to improve neurological function, ambulation and pain relief. Solid tumors often demand surgery. Treatment of acute postoperative pain is crucial for the prevention of chronic pain. Chemotherapy and radiation sometimes also cause pain. The management of cancer pain has improved because of rapid diagnosis and treatment, understanding of analgesics and the cooperation of patients and their family. The presence of special pain centers in hospitals also raise standard of cancer pain management. Drug therapy with non-opioid, opioid and adjuvant drugs is the base of such management. The side effects must be monitored and timely treated. Methods of regional nerve blockade in pain control are numerous. Placement of epidural, intrathecal and subcutaneous catheters, conductive nerve blocks with continuous delivery of mixed local anesthetics are very successful for selected patients. Conventional physical therapy involving lymphatic drainage is useful. Acupuncture, psychotherapy and similar methods are also applicable.Karcinomska bol nije homogen i potpuno razjaÅ”njen patoloÅ”ki proces. Najbolja terapija je kombinacija medikamentozne terapije i nemedikametoznih postupaka. Možemo je podijeliti na visceralnu, koÅ”tanu i neuropatsku bol i ima karakteristike kontinuirane ili povremene boli. Terapija koÅ”tane boli fokusirana je na jake opioide, radioterapiju i bifosfonate. Cilj invazivnih metoda liječenja boli je poboljÅ”ati neuroloÅ”ku funkciju, pokretljivost i olakÅ”anje boli. Solidni tumori često zahtjevaju operaciju. Liječenje akutne poslijeoperacijske boli je od iznimne važnosti u prevenciji nastanka kronične boli. Kemoterapija i radioterapija ponekad također uzrokuju bol. Liječenje karcinomske boli je poboljÅ”ano bržom dijagnostikom i terapijom, boljim poznavanjem analgetika i suradnjom s pacijentom i njegovom obitelji. Postojanje specijaliziranih centara za bol u bolnicama također je podiglo standard u liječenju boli. Liječenje boli medikamentozno neopioidima, opioidima i drugim pomoćnim lijekovima je osnova liječenja boli. Nuspojave lijekova moraju se neprestano pratiti i na vrijeme liječiti. Metode regionalne nervne blokade u liječenju boli su brojne. Plasiranje epiduralnih, intratekalnih i supkutanih katetera s kontinuiranom isporukom mjeÅ”avine lokalnih anestetika veoma su uspjeÅ”ne kod određenih bolesnika. Fizikalna terapija s limfnom drenažom je korisna. Akupunktura, psihoterapija i slične metode su također primjenjive

    Ortodontska terapija i temporomandibularni poremećaji

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    Orthodontic treatment has been variously cited both as a protective and harmful factor in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) etiology. Therefore, it is important to understand associations between different malocclusions, orthodontic treatment, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). From the presented literature the suggestion that orthodontic treatment leads to TMD appears to be ill-founded. Clinical studies suggest that orthodontic treatment has little role to play in worsening or precipitating TMD when treated patients are compared with untreated individuals, with or without malocclusion, or when different types of orthodontic treatment are compared. A considerable reduction in signs and symptoms of TMD between the teenage period and young adulthood has been shown in some recent longitudinal studies.Ortodontska terapija često se navodi kao protektivni ili pak otežavajući čimbenik u etiologiji temporomandibularnih poremećaja. Zbog toga je vrlo važno razumjeti vezu između različitih ortodontskih anomalija i ortodontske terapije te znakova i simptoma temporomandibularnih poremećaja. Iz prezentirane literature proizlazi da je pretpostavka po kojoj ortodontska terapija dovodi do TMD-a neutemeljena. Klinička istraživanja pokazuju da ortodontska terapija igra malu ulogu u pogorÅ”anju TMD-a kada se uspoređuju tretirani i netretirani ispitanici, oni s malokluzijama i bez njih ili kada se uspoređuju različite vrste ortodontske terapije. U nedavno objavljenim longitudinalnim istraživanjima navodi se znatno smanjenje simptoma i znakova TMD-a između tinejdžerske i rane odrasle dobi

    Creative therapy in inclusive kindergarten surroundings

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    Dječja kreativnost može se poticati na različite načine i ona predstavlja važan segment rada u odgojno obrazovnom procesu. Svoju kreativnost djeca mogu razvijati likovnim i glazbenim izražavanjem, plesom i pokretom i poetskom terapijom. U vrtićima je većinom najveći naglasak stavljen na likovno izražavanje. Ovaj rad bavi se kreativnom terapijom, odnosno svim elementima umjetnosti. Govori o tome Å”to je kreativna terapija uopće, zaÅ”to je važna i na koji način može potaknuti djecu rane i predÅ”kolske dobi da rijeÅ”e svoje probleme putem ekspresije. Važno je naglasiti kako bi kreativnu terapiju trebalo koristiti čeŔće u radu s djecom jer im omogućuje izražavanje emocija neverbalnom komunikacijom. Opće je poznato da se neverbalnom komunikacijom djeca puno lakÅ”e izražavaju.Children's creativity can be encouraged in different ways and it represents very important part of work in educational process. It can be developed through artistic and musical expression, dancing and moving and poetic therapy. In kindergartens, the greatest focus is put on artistic expression. This work is dealing with creative therapy, respectively with all elements of art. It explains what creative therapy actually is, why is it important and how it can encourage children of preschool age to deal with their problems through the expression. It's important to emphasize that creative therapy should be used more often in work with children because it provides expression of emotion by non-verbal communication. It is well known that children can easier express themselves through non-verbal communication

    Posttraumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and therapy

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    Psychotherapy of depression

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