The Discussion about the Safety Management of the Mine Tailings Pond near the Mine Stope

AbstractIn our country, lots of ultra poor iron ore resources have been developed. Due to the low profits of mining ultra poor resources, the enterprise built mine tailings pond near the stope to save cost, witch is usually at the upstream of the stope with the distance from 100 to 400 meters. This kind of mine waste reservoirs also have another name–the tailings pond at the top of the head, they take a certain proportion in our cauntry. Different from general tailings ponds, this kind of tailings ponds is frequently effected by the stope blasting vibration, it can not be ignored of the security implications of stope blasting vibration to tailings pond. So the discuss key of this text is the specific environment characteristics of this kind of mine waste reservoir. In practice, the security management to this kind of tailings pond is very worth to be reserched and discussed

Novel copper-containing membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) encoded by alkane-utilizing Betaproteobacteria.

Copper-containing membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) are encoded by xmoCAB(D) gene clusters and catalyze the oxidation of methane, ammonia, or some short-chain alkanes and alkenes. In a metagenome constructed from an oilsands tailings pond we detected an xmoCABD gene cluster with <59% derived protein sequence identity to genes from known bacteria. Stable isotope probing experiments combined with a specific xmoA qPCR assay demonstrated that the bacteria possessing these genes were incapable of methane assimilation, but did grow on ethane and propane. Single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from propane-enriched samples were screened with the specific PCR assay to identify bacteria possessing the target gene cluster. Multiple SAGs of Betaproteobacteria belonging to the genera Rhodoferax and Polaromonas possessed homologues of the metagenomic xmoCABD gene cluster. Unexpectedly, each of these two genera also possessed other xmoCABD paralogs, representing two additional lineages in phylogenetic analyses. Metabolic reconstructions from SAGs predicted that neither bacterium encoded enzymes with the potential to support catabolic methane or ammonia oxidation, but that both were capable of higher n-alkane degradation. The involvement of the encoded CuMMOs in alkane oxidation was further suggested by reverse transcription PCR analyses, which detected elevated transcription of the xmoA genes upon enrichment of water samples with propane as the sole energy source. Enrichments, isotope incorporation studies, genome reconstructions, and gene expression studies therefore all agreed that the unknown xmoCABD operons did not encode methane or ammonia monooxygenases, but rather n-alkane monooxygenases. This study broadens the known diversity of CuMMOs and identifies these enzymes in non-nitrifying Betaproteobacteria

Diamondoid diacids ('O4' species) in oil sands process-affected water.

RATIONALE: As a by-product of oil sands extraction, large volumes of oil sands process water (OSPW) are generated, which are contaminated with a large range of water-soluble organic compounds. The acids are thought to be derived from hydrocarbons via natural biodegradation pathways such as α- and β-oxidation of alkyl substituents, which could produce mono- and diacids, for example. However, while several monoacids ('O2' species) have been identified, the presence of diacids (i.e. 'O4' species) has only been deduced from results obtained via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance high-resolution mass spectrometry (FTICR-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy and the structures have never been confirmed. METHODS: An extract of an OSPW from a Canadian tailings pond was analysed and the retention times and the electron ionization mass spectra of some analytes were compared with those of bis-methyl esters of authentic diacids by gas chromatography × gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) in nominal and accurate mass configurations. RESULTS: Two diamondoid diacids (3-carboxymethyladamantane-1-carboxylic acid and adamantane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) were firmly identified as their bis-methyl esters by retention time and mass spectral matching and several other structural isomers were more tentatively assigned. Diacids have substantially increased polarity over the hydrocarbon and monoacid species from which they probably derive: as late members of biodegradation processes they may be useful indicators of weathering and ageing, not only of OSPW, but potentially of crude oil residues more generally. CONCLUSIONS: Structures of O4 species in OSPW have been identified. This confirms pathways of microbial biodegradation, which were only postulated previously, and may be a further indication that remediation of OSPW toxicity can occur by natural microbial action. The presence and abundance of these diacids might therefore be useful as a measure of biodegradation and weathering

Petrography, The Tar Sands Paradise, and the Medium of Modernity

This article engages with the artistic practice of petrography, the art of creating photographic images through the action of sunlight upon bitumen, the heavy-oil material that is the source of the petroleum in the Athabasca tar sands. It presents several examples of petrographs that document the process of industrial bitumen mining itself. Further, it theorizes the ways in which both the process of producing petrographs and the act of engaging with them as a viewer require a degree of collaboration normally absent from our consumption of petroleum as the medium of modernity. A key argument of the paper is the reconfiguration of bitumen as a medicine in Cree/Métis contexts, which leads to an alternative Indigenous idea of the petro-medium as an active, relational substance with its own potential agency

Modelling and 3D Visualisation of Landscape Changes in the Rosia Montana Basin

The town of Rosia Montana is located above one of the largest gold and other precious metal deposits in Europe. Gold and silver have been mined for centuries here, even as early as pre-roman times. Since then, and predominantly in the 20th century the landscape has undergone significant changes. Until the dawn of open pit mining the ores were extracted using shafts and tunnels, leaving little if any traces on the surface. Large-scale open cast mining began in the first half of the 20th century and two large pits were excavated in the immediate vicinity of the little town. After a few decades these were closed down, relocating the mining activities into a neighbouring valley. Presently the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation is planning on reopening the gold deposits in the area by starting the largest open cast mine site in Europe. The project aroused much controversy and international protests regarding its consequences on the population and the environment. The current study aims to model the landscape in the past in some selected time periods. In addition, a significant section will attempt to predict and visualise the future landscape after the full development of the project. Also, a time series animation is included to demonstrate the changes in time.

Studies Regarding Tailings Pond Seepage Water from Mining Activities over Avena sativa L. Germination Influence

Cultivation of oat in the limiting areas of tailings pond might be regarded as one of the possibilities that could lead to the general amelioration of these places. In order to characterize the waste products, to determine and evaluate the components that may be leached from waste products and that can affect the limiting areas of tailings pond, leaching tests were performed. In this paper, we have observed the influence of eluate, obtained from leaching tests, on seed germination, radicle and coleoptyle development as well as on the amount of accumulated dry matter for Avena sativa L., genotypes. According to our researches, we may conclude that the studied genotypes of Avena sativa L. showed tolerance to eluate while values registered for seed germination, radicle and coleoptyle development as well as dry matter content were comparatively higher than those registered for the control variant

WHITE DUST SIMULATION FOR TAILINGS POND OF ERDENET COPPER MINING USING HYSPLIT

The purpose of this research was to identify dispersion and transporting of white dust for tailings pond of Erdenet copper mining in Mongolia. Spring and autumn have a significantly higher level of PM10 mass concentration in Erdenet city. Probably caused by the stagnant atmosphere which leads to pollution’s cumulative effect and ‘white dust’ from the storage of tailings pond in spring and autumn. We used meteorological data for 2015 gathered from Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IRIMHE) in Erdenet city and GDAS meteorological data provided by U.S NOAA. In the present study, white dust simulation by using the ArcGIS, HYSPLIT program modeling. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is used to identify the white dust dispersion and transportation trends. According to the simulation from model HYSPLIT, white dust was spread between 14 and 65 km in 2015. The main month of white dust distribution was May and October when mass concentration of PM10 was high due to white dust. White dust distribution was four times lower when the rainy day

A Protocol for Reclaiming In-Pit Tailings Ponds to Exceed Federal and State Regulations

The goal of the protocol for reclaiming in-pit tailings ponds to exceed federal and state regulations was to develop a series of steps that can be followed to design, operate, and reclaim a tailings disposal pond that will develop into grazing land with a wetland for open pit sand mines in warm dry climates. By incorporating a wetland into the reclamation design, the post mining land use gives back to both the wildlife as a source of water as well as providing for a diverse range of post mining land use including but not limited to livestock grazing and ranch land use. An example design was completed using this protocol to demonstrate how the protocol can result in in a well-designed, reclaimed tailings disposal pond