The Native Plants of Ohio

PDF pages: 5

Sustainability of direct seeding versus conventional tillage

Pour analyser la durabilité du semis direct sur mulch (SDM) dans les conditions méditerranéennes, une comparaison culture traditionnelle (CT) et SDM a été réalisée sur un site expérimental à Montpellier, dans le sud de la France depuis 2000. Un blé dur a été mis en place avec différents traitements d'irrigation et d'apports d'azote en 2004. Différents paramètres du sol et de la culture ont été mesurés. En particulier, la densité du sol est légèrement accrue sous SDM et le développement racinaire, un peu moins important; le LAI et le rendement en matière sèche totale sont pratiquement équivalents à ceux de CT. Ces résultats confortent des observations antérieures sur l'efficience du SDM qui a un impact limité sur le rendement; cependant la maîtrise du semis et des adventices ont un rôle important qui doit s'appuyer sur des choix techniques adéquats et la rotation des cultures. (Résumé d'auteur

Bulletin No. 14: Creating New Landscapes with Herbicides, A Homeowner\u27s Guide

A how-to-do-it handbook describing the formulations and techniques to be used in eliminating unwanted plants such as poison ivy. The use of herbicides in naturalistic landscaping, wildlife and woodlot management are included. [Addendum on new data on chemicals inserted 1970] 30 pp

On the distribution, ecology and conservation status of three rare plant taxa Zygophyllum compressum, Elachanthus glaber and Eremophila crassifolia in southwestern New South Wales

The arid and semi-arid southwest of New South Wales has received disproportionately less attention from botanists than other similar-sized geographic regions of the state. Recent work has extended our knowledge of three extremely rare plant taxa from this part of the state. Zygophyllum compressum (Zygophyllaceae) and Elachanthus glaber (Asteraceae) are restricted to gypseous rises within active saline groundwater discharge complexes with limited distribution in southwest New South Wales and occur within the plant community “Gypseous shrubland on rises and semi-arid plains” (ID253) which is listed as threatened (vulnerable) within the state. Eremophila crassifolia (Myoporaceae) is restricted to a few plants on a roadside and adjacent mallee vegetation approximately 35 km east of Wentworth. Based on IUCN criteria it is suggested that Eremophila crassifolia is critically endangered and Zygophyllum compressum and Elachanthus glaber endangered in New South Wales and all should be listed under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995

Multiplication of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.) from cuttings

The primary aim of the present study was to find an efficient and simple method of vegetative propagation for producing large numbers of hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides L. x P. tremula Michx.) plants for forest plantations. The key objectives were to investigate the main physiological factors that affect the ability of cuttings to regenerate and to determine whether these factors could be manipulated by different growth conditions. In addition, clonal variation in traits related to propagation success was examined. According to our results, with the stem cutting method, depending on the clone, it is possible to obtain only 1−8 plants from one stock plant per year. With the root cutting method the corresponding values for two-year-old stock plants are 81−207 plants. The difference in number of cuttings between one- and two-year-old stock plants is so pronounced that it is economically feasible to grow stock plants for two years. There is no reason to use much older stock plants as a source of cuttings, as it has been observed that rooting ability diminishes as root diameter increases. Clonal variation is the most important individual factor in propagation of hybrid aspen. The fact that the efficiently sprouted clones also rooted best facilitates the selection of clones for large-scale propagation. In practice, root cuttings taken from all parts of the root system of hybrid aspen were capable of producing new shoots and roots. However, for efficient rooting it is important to use roots smaller than one centimeter in diameter. Both rooting and sprouting, as well as sprouting rate, were increased by high soil temperature; in our studies the highest temperature tested (30ºC) was the best. Light accelerated the sprouting of root cuttings, but they rooted best in dark conditions. Rooting is essential because without roots the sprouted cutting cannot survive long. For aspen the criteria for clone selection are primarily fiber qualities and growth rate, but ability to regenerate efficiently is also essential. For large-scale propagation it is very important to find clones from which many cuttings per stock plant can be obtained. In light of production costs, however, it is even more important that the regeneration ability of the produced cuttings be high.Paperiteollisuuden viime vuosien kiinnostus nopeakasvuisen hybridihaavan (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.) hienopaperin valmistukseen soveltuvaa puuainesta kohtaan on luonut tarpeen kotimaiselle haavan viljelyn lisäämiselle ja taimituotannon kehittelylle. Hybridihaapayksilöiden välillä on kuitenkin huomattavia eroja puuaineen ominaisuuksissa ja vain osa puista täyttää paperiteollisuuden laatuvaatimukset. Hybridihaapaa voidaan lisätä sekä suvullisesti (siemenet) että kasvullisesti (esim. pistokkaat), mutta vain kasvullisesti lisäämällä saadaan tuotettua täysin emonsa kaltaisia ja paperinvalmistuksen kriteerit täyttäviä taimia. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää tehokas ja yksinkertainen kasvullinen pistokasmenetelmä, jonka avulla voidaan laajassa mittakaavassa tuottaa hybridihaavan taimia metsänviljelyyn. Erityisesti tutkittiin fysiologisia tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat pistokkaiden regeneraatiokykyyn, ja voidaanko näitä tekijöitä manipuloida erilaisilla käsittelyillä ja kasvatusolosuhteilla. Myös kloonien välisiä eroja pistokaslisäyksen tehokkuudessa tutkittiin. Tulosten mukaan taimien lisäyskerroin juuripistokasmenetelmällä on huomattavasti versopistokasmenetelmää korkeampi. Juuripistokasmenetelmällä kaksivuotiaasta kantataimesta saadaan kloonista riippuen tuotettua 81−207 tainta. Versopistokasmenetelmällä taimia saadaan yhdestä kantataimesta vain 1−8 tainta vuodessa. Käytännössä kaikki haavan juuriston osat soveltuvat pistokasmateriaaliksi. Suositeltavia ovat kuitenkin halkaisijaltaan alle yhden cm juuripistokkaat, sillä juurtumiskyky heikkeni pistokkaiden halkaisijan kasvaessa. Pohjalämmön käyttö juuripistokkaiden kasvatuksessa paransi versoontumista ja juurtumista sekä nopeutti versoontumista. Pistokkaiden versoontuminen valossa oli nopeampaa, mutta toisaalta ne juurtuivat paremmin pimeässä. Kloonien välinen vaihtelu oli huomattavaa. Vaikka hybridihaavan kloonivalintaan vaikuttavat pääasiassa kuituominaisuudet ja kasvunopeus, tehokas kasvullinen lisäyskyky on kuitenkin välttämätön ominaisuus. Kloonivalintaa kaupallista massalisäystä varten helpottaa se, että parhaiten versoontuneet kloonit myös juurtuivat tehokkaimmin. Laajan mittakaavan lisäykseen on tärkeää valita klooneja, joiden pistokastuotto on suuri. Taimien tuotantokustannusten suhteen on vielä tärkeämpää, että saaduilla pistokkailla on erinomainen regeneraatiokyky

Towards gender-responsive banana research for development in the East-African Highlands

Banana production is an important livelihood for farming households in the East-African highlands as food and as a source of income. Banana is a crop with a long history in this region. Although not originating from Africa, it is believed bananas have been cultivated in this region since 2000 BC. It is not surprising that the technical aspects of banana production are intertwined with rituals, habits, and social norms. In this guide, we highlight and discuss social norms surrounding banana production, zooming in specifically on gender norms. Understanding these norms coupled with the ability to address them is essential for the development and design of high-quality banana-focused research for development (R4D) projects which benefit men as well as women

Adventitious shoot propagation and cultural inputs in nursery production of a primocane-fruiting blackberry selection

Studies were conducted from January to October 2005 to determine the effect of root-cutting length on adventitious shoot yield and the management practices necessary to produce nurseryquality primocane-fruiting blackberry plants. The first portion of the study measured the average number of shoots produced from 7.6 cm- and 15.2 cm-long root cuttings of APF-44 blackberry—a primocane-fruiting genotype from the University of Arkansas breeding program. Cuttings were forced in a shallow bin containing a soilless potting medium. The average number of shoots per root cutting from 7.6 cm- and 15.2 cm- long root cuttings averaged 1.6 and 2.7 shoots per root cutting, respectively. Rooting percentage for collected shoots was nearly 100% regardless of root-cutting length source. A qualitative comparison of shoots from the two roots lengths was similar. The latter part of the study included various treatments on the rooted shoots that might affect the productivity and quality of the final product intended for nursery sales in early fall. With the aim of producing a flowering/fruiting shrub by late September, three treatments were applied: pot dimension, fertilizer rate, and shoot tipping. Fertilizer rate had the greatest impact of all treatments with the higher rate producing larger and more attractive plants. Above-normal summer/fall temperatures may explain lack of fruiting on APF-44 blackberries, but the dimension and size of some plants provided a portion of the intended aesthetic