The significance of HRM for small enterprises of Pakistan

Human resource management practices have become the de facto standard for almost all large organizations. Today’s organizations consider human resource management as an all inclusive practice and view it playing vital role in their development. However, the significance of HRM practices in small enterprises is not yet fully realized and only a handful researches are done so far on HRM practices (Heneman & Berkley, 1999). This paper suggests the imperative role of HRM Function in small enterprises of Pakistan. The propositions made on the basis of literature review in order to emphasize this research are; firstly; HRM practices are likely to be significant for the survival of small enterprises. Secondly; because of this essential role of HRM for the survival of small enterprises, it is also likely to be vital for their growth. Thirdly; it is suggested that HRM practices, if implemented in early stages of the organizational life cycle of small enterprises, are likely to curtail down the unhealthy resistance to change by the old incumbents of organization.HRM Practices, Small Enterprises

Managerial commitment towards SPI in small and very small enterprises

This paper compares and contrasts the results of two similar studies into the software process practices in Irish Small and Very Small Enterprises. The first study contains rich findings in relation to the role and influence of managerial experience and style, with particular respect to the company founder and software development managers in small to medium seized enterprises (SMEs), whilst the second study contains extensive findings in relation to people and management involvement / commitment and SPI goal planning in very small enterprises (VSEs). By combining these results of these two studies of Irish SMEs/VSEs we can develop a rich picture of managerial commitment towards SPI and in particular explore the similarities between Small and Very Small Enterprises

Comparative Experience of the Effectiveness of Financing Small Enterprises

The article considers existing criteria of estimation of financing subjects of small business in Germany and Russia for raising its effectiveness for Russia. We analyzed main directions and mechanisms of state support in these countries. The conducted analysis demonstrated that effectiveness indices of the activity of small enterprises in FGR essentially exceed analogous indices of the activity of enterprises of EU countries. A contribution, brought by small enterprises in the development of economy of Germany is just inestimable. For functioning and financing the activity of small enterprises in FGR, there were accepted correspondent normative acts, for example, the Trade code, one of which main statements is the following: family enterprises are encouraged in Germany by giving them the free access at markets, and there are different limitations for big enterprises. The parity of competitive flows is observed by prohibiting small business purchase for big enterprises – in Germany small enterprises are distinctly divided in dependent and independent by strict statistical accounting of these companies. The author denoted base state structures, curating programs for supporting small enterprises in Germany comparing with infrastructures, engaged for supporting subjects of small and middle business, existing in Russia. Unfortunately, program arrangements for supporting subjects of small business in RF don't include special measures for supporting priority types of activity. The support is mainly directed on certain categories of citizens: unemployed, families with many children, youth and so on

The Marketing of Small Enterprises, Guerilla Marketing

The work is focused on approaches and techniques used by companies for identifying and fulfilling of the consumers’ needs and expectations, while making profit with little or limited resources in various stages of firm development (start-up stage) or in small enterprises. Basic marketing principles and categories of conventional marketing shall be compared with the demands of the unconventional one, which is focused on practical and financially limited marketing (guerilla marketing). In this work, the accent will be put on direct marketing, new marketing paradigm, faceto- face marketing, relationship marketing, and most notably on guerilla marketing, which sole purpose is to achieve maximal goals with minimal resources.guerilla marketing, new marketing paradigm, direct marketing

VENTURE CAPITAL AND THE INCUBATION OF SMALL ENTERPRISES

The present paper has reviewed the potential interpretations of the incubation process and examined in detail the basic types of corporate incubators having an increasing role in everyday practice together with the main objectives of the different types. We have also mapped how the different types of enterprises can join the incubation process and highlighted that for-profit organisations can also play a significant role within financing solutions. We made an attempt to prove that – under adequate conditions – the cooperation of private capital and incubators is suitable for creating a bridge over the equity and knowledge gap, which means that such co-operations can also have significant economic development effects. Incubators operating on such bases can support small and medium-sized enterprises not only by offering financial and professional help. Experience has shown that the incubation process can be "naturally accompanied†by the initiation of a networking process, the advantages of which can also be used by the companies participating in incubation. After examining the special features related to the operation of corporate incubators –which served to set the logical frames of the analysis – we studied in detail what role the state can assume in such type of incubation. Following some theoretical considerations and an analysis of successful and failed practical examples we reached the conclusion that governmental interventions „can have their place†in this process. Since there are various different ways for the development of incubators, the types of roles taken by the state can also differ. A model was developed in which we summarized potential governmental strategies, also discussing the possible effects on the players of the incubation industry. We are convinced that the analysis of this highly new and dynamically developing area may also lead to conclusions that can be applied in practice and the recognition of defined rules and laws may contribute to the improvement of the national practice.business incubation, corporate business incubation, knowledge and capital gap, V2C (venture to capital), Community/Rural/Urban Development, Financial Economics,