Modeling a Bandwidth of a Two-Level Independent Quantum Laser System States

An electromagnetic radiation is basically considered to be a transverse wave propagating through an accessible media whether it is an optical fibre or a thin film depending on its propagating conditions. In analyzing its propagation, utilized specific cross-section areas have become an important base of understanding its extinction parameters. The term cross-section in this work applies only to boundary conditions within which particles interact within electromagnetic spectra through absorption or scattering. In such small volume contextual framework, nanotechnology reconsiders scattering cross-section coefficients. In this work, two different degenerate states were modeled and analyzed using a developed model of a laser cavity containing a media of length, L, with a gain of, k, per unit length which were mirrored to represent the upper and a lower level manifolds inhomogeneous broadening Stark levels respectively. The model developed created an impression that a laser medium is a coherent ensemble of particles or atoms whose bandwidth depends on how a laser is constructed

Effect of TiO2 Compact Layer on DSSC Performance

Dye-sensitized solar cells offer an economically reliable and suitable alternative in moderating the challenges presented by the existing convectional photovoltaic cells. Whereas, for convectional solar cells the semiconductor adopts both the duty of light absorption and charge carrier transport, these two functions are separated in dye-sensitized solar cells. However, the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells has remained relatively low. For this reason, this research was aimed at how to increase the dye-sensitized solar cells performance. To achieve this, compact cover of TiO2 was deposited on a conductive glass substrate by using Holmarc’s Spray Pyrolysis system, using Ultrasonic Spray Head and spraying in vertical geometry, while TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes were deposited by screen printing technique on top of a transparent conducting FTO glass slide with or without the TiO2 compact layer. Transmission characteristics showed that introducing TiO2 compact layer on the conductive film lowers the transmission while reflectance properties were less than 15 % for all the prepared thin films. SEM micrographs showed that TiO2 nanotubes had a skein-like morphology with abundant number of nanotubes intertwined together to form a large surface area film. Solar cell performance properties revealed that introducing compact layer to dye-sensitized solar cells improved the performance by 145 % (from 1.31 % to 3.21 %) while TiCl4 treatment on compact layered dye-sensitized solar cells increased the efficiency by 28.79 % (from 0.66 % to 0.85 %)

Students’ Perception of Vodcast and Podcast as Instructional Material

The study was conducted to examine students’ perception of vodcast and podcast as instructional material. The study employed a survey research design. The total sample size for the study was two hundred and twenty-five (225) respondents. Data was analyzed and presented using mean statistic and standard deviation. Hypothesis for the study was analyzed using t-test with a p≤0.05 level of significance. Students in the study to a low extent (=1.97) agreed that vodcast and podcast increase productivity, promote creativity and facilitate academic learning. Respondents are of the view that the University of Nigeria, Nsukka postgraduate program is not yet advanced enough to use vodcast and podcast technologies for teaching students (=2.88). Unavailability of technologies had a significant influence on barriers that hinder students from using vodcast and podcast. Based on the findings and conclusion, it is recommended among others, that the University of Nigeria, Nsukka organize a capacity building workshop hinged on the use of top-notch technology for 21st century education; that departments in the university should motivate lecturers to employ technological tools in teaching through incentives as these will encourage every lecturer to key into the move

Information Needs and Challenges of Agricultural Researchers and Extension Workers in Edo State, Nigeria

This study investigated information needs and challenges of agricultural researchers and extension workers in Edo State, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 106 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The majority (71.6 %) of respondents indicated their need for information with respect to climate change and adaptation measures (71.6 %). Extension workers communicated more with agricultural researchers monthly (77.5 %). Lack of office-wide internet connectivity (2.06±1.08), unstable power supply (2.05±1.07), and non-subscription to relevant online resources by employer (2.05±1.07) inhibited respondents from meeting their information needs. The study recommends that to enhance knowledge sharing among researchers and extension workers, there is need for research institutes and state government to develop electronic repositories for their research outputs as this will further help other agricultural stakeholders to access local contents immediately

Analyzing Variables in Wheel of Participation a Synergy in Facilities Management for Enhancing Academic Performance

This study analyzed variables in the wheel of participation advocated by Davidson (1998); in this study, wheel of participation is adopted as synergy in facilities management for the maintenance of university community infrastructure and facilities, to examine the effects of synergy by the local community and the university authority in facilities management for enhancing academic performance in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (ATBU). 100 questionnaires composed on 5 level-Linkert scales were randomly distributed, Reliability analysis was conducted to check the level of internal consistency among the measuring items, while Multiple Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS simultaneously analyzed the effects of the exogenous variables (information, consultation, participation & empowerment) on the endogenous variable (academic excellence) in ATBU. Estimates of the structural model revealed that information sharing, consultation with stakeholders, participation by local community members and empowering stakeholders do not influence academic excellence. While the regression analysis indicated a weak relationship between all the four predictor variables and the academic excellence; and with R2 of 0.029 meant that the predictor variables accounted for only 2.9 % of the variance on academic excellence, thus, 97.1 % is accounted for by other variables not covered in this study. Further studies are recommended to supplement more predictor variables like students´ talent, intuition, flair, willingness to learn (zeal), finance and so on; using the inductive approach

Characterization of Doum Palm Seed Kernel as Natural Sorbent for Metal Ions Removal from Gombe Ternary Wastewater

Water pollution is one of the major challenges in cities and industrialized areas of the world. The effluent from Gombe ternary wastewater pollutes the surrounding waters thereby constituting health threat to the populace within its vicinity. In view of the above, a bio-sorption study of zinc and lead ions from Gombe ternary wastewater using doum palm seed kernel was carried out. The wastewater was characterized and was found to contain 0.03 mg/l lead metal ion and 0.81 mg/l zinc ion. The doum palm kernel bio-sorbent was obtained after oil extraction from the seed and processed as contained in the method mentioned in this paper. The kernel residue was characterized for functional groups using FTIR, surface morphology using SEM, surface area using BET, and elemental composition using XRF. The results indicated that the doum palm kernel is harmless, and possesses functional groups on its surface, which may be substituted with the metallic ions present in the wastewater. This gives the kernel the ability to adsorb positively charged ions on its surface by simple chemisorption. This mechanism is supported by the rough surface observed in the scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption and desorption of nitrogen was made at STP and the curve indicated very high correlation of close to unity. The surface area measured by multi BET method was recorded as 13.464 m2/g. This value is not high enough to adsorb metals by physical adsorption

Formation of the Civil-Military Cooperation During the Settlement of the Armed Conflict in the South-East of Ukraine

This article considers the condition of ensuring national security of Ukraine in situations of the armed conflict in some areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. It proves the relevance of implementation of civil-military cooperation. The paper provides the analysis of the theoretical basis, tasks and functions of civil-military cooperation. The article explores activities of civil-military cooperation entities in Ukraine. It defines that the current situation in the South-East of Ukraine shows that tasks of monitoring and forecasting civil environment, forming recommendations regarding mutual influence of civil and military’s acts have not been fully accomplished. The paper suggests using programmatic means of supporting decision making that were created on the basis of geoformation systems as a possible way of solving the problems.This article considers the condition of ensuring national security of Ukraine in situations of the armed conflict in some areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. It proves the relevance of implementation of civil-military cooperation. The paper provides the analysis of the theoretical basis, tasks and functions of civil-military cooperation. The article explores activities of civil-military cooperation entities in Ukraine. It defines that the current situation in the South-East of Ukraine shows that tasks of monitoring and forecasting civil environment, forming recommendations regarding mutual influence of civil and military’s acts have not been fully accomplished. The paper suggests using programmatic means of supporting decision making that were created on the basis of geoformation systems as a possible way of solving the problems

Prediction of Loss on Ignition of Ternary Cement Containing Coal Bottom Ash and Limestone Using Central Composite Design

The effect of CBA/CBA-L ratio and the cement replacement on the Loss on ignition (LOI) of ternary cement blends was investigated using central composite design approach in the prediction of LOI of ternary cement blend comprising of Ordinary Portland cement, coal bottom ash and Limestone. LOI is an essential technique employed in the determination of the quality of the cement blend which can be achieved by heating a sample strongly at a specified temperature to enable release of volatile components until the weight remains constant. In this study, monitoring of the LOI of the various cement blends conducted dependent on cement replacement and coal bottom ash to coal bottom ash-limestone ratio (CBA/CBA-L ratio) via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The CBA/CBA-L ratio was varied from 0.25-0.75 while the cement replacement ranges from 20-40%. The significance of these factors within the specified ranges considered was evaluated using analysis of variance.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of CBA/CBA-L ratio and cement replacement in the prediction of LOI for ternary cement blends by employing Face Central Composite Design. Analysis of variance results indicated that the LOI prediction via XRF analysis was better than that of TG analyses in which both satisfied Two-Level Factorial model. It was observed from the predictive models that the LOI of the ternary cement decreased as the CBA/CBA-L ratio was increased while LOI of the ternary cement blend increased as the cement replacement was increased. An increase in both CBA/CBA-L ratio and cement replacement resulted in a decrease in the LOI of ternary cement. The cement replacement level of the ternary cement blends indicated a stronger influence on LOI compared to the CBA/CBA-L ratio which was indicated by a significantly high F value for cement replacement compared to CBA/CBA-L ratio.The LOI results from XRF analysis were also found to significantly predict the LOI of the ternary cement blend compared to TGA with Regression value of 99.96% against 97.36% respectively. The CBA/CBA-L ratio and cement replacement were found to have a significant and interactive effect on the LOI of ternary cement blend for both XRF and TGA analyses

Сryptocurrency and Internet of Things: Problems of Implementation and Realization

IoT (Internet of Things) requires the implementation of digital encryption of information, transaction support and recording of all events for security. It can provide cryptocurrencies protocols with adding an additional possibility of payments. This opportunity is not so much demanded at the hardware level as in the software implementation. We have discovered that IoT devices are widely used for illegal purposes for trusts or network consolidated attacks, and virtually no legal and useful ways of using their hardware-distributed capabilities. Standardization and compatibility in IOT network should become the main tools for the possibility of introducing new solutions, testing their utility, performance and safety. The standardization of a new approach to interactive protocols in the IOT network and the Internet with a finance approach is now inevitable. We need new IEEE standards for cryptocurrencies and IoT functioning. They must include standards for protocol functioning, transaction validation and saving, privacy and security support. Cryptocurrencies and IoT interaction diagram were proposed. The IoT network devices technology will be in the future instance of the smart class of digital-physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart homes, intelligent transportation systems, smart cities etc. The financial aspect for purchasing software, services, solutions and sales of the resulting benefits will complement this network with additional capabilities. The development of standards for the financial level of functioning is also necessary.IoT (Internet of Things) requires the implementation of digital encryption of information, transaction support and recording of all events for security. It can provide cryptocurrencies protocols with adding an additional possibility of payments. This opportunity is not so much demanded at the hardware level as in the software implementation. We have discovered that IoT devices are widely used for illegal purposes for trusts or network consolidated attacks, and virtually no legal and useful ways of using their hardware-distributed capabilities. Standardization and compatibility in IOT network should become the main tools for the possibility of introducing new solutions, testing their utility, performance and safety. The standardization of a new approach to interactive protocols in the IOT network and the Internet with a finance approach is now inevitable. We need new IEEE standards for cryptocurrencies and IoT functioning. They must include standards for protocol functioning, transaction validation and saving, privacy and security support. Cryptocurrencies and IoT interaction diagram were proposed. The IoT network devices technology will be in the future instance of the smart class of digital-physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart homes, intelligent transportation systems, smart cities etc. The financial aspect for purchasing software, services, solutions and sales of the resulting benefits will complement this network with additional capabilities. The development of standards for the financial level of functioning is also necessary

A brief overview of current drug repurposing approaches for COVID-19 management

This brief overview is intended to shed light on the current drug repositioning (also called drug repurposing) in the therapeutics of the novel coronavirus disease which emerged in 2019 (COVID-19). In this sense, the repositioning drugs for new indications can offer a better risk-versus-reward trade-off when compared to other drug development strategies, given that it makes use of drugs whose safety profile are already understood. Nonetheless, this approach allows healthcare professionals to promptly tackle the disease by investigating readily available drugs against it