Explaining Inefficient Policy Instruments

Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,

Policy instruments’ adjustment for green economy

The author presents an idea of the Sustainable Development as a concept connected with social market economy and then the history and parallel programs of green economy. He also explains ideas of new economy and the knowledge – based economy as synonyms. At the end there are described instruments for the implementation of the green economy in USA, European Union and Poland.Wydanie współfinansowane ze środków Miasta Łodzi w ramach zadania “Współpraca z wyższymi uczelniami” – umowa 100/03/201

AN EVALUATION OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS

Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Policy Instruments

The study of policy instruments dates from the early seventies, though there has been written a lot before especially in economics about government intervention in relation to market imperfections. A policy instrument refers the means of government intervention in markets or, in broader perspective, society in order to accomplish goals or to solve problems. The behavioral assumption underlying a policy instrument is that it attempts to get people do things that they might not otherwise have done. In the last fifty years we featured a transformation not just in the scope and scale of the role of the government, but also in the proliferation of tools that it has to its disposal for public action. In retrospect a distinction can made between three partly overlapping stadiums in the study of policy instruments

Policy instruments in the Common Agricultural Policy

Policy changes in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) can be explained in terms of the exhaustion and long-term contradictions of policy instruments. Changes in policy instruments have reoriented the policy without any change in formal Treaty goals. The social and economic efficacy of instruments in terms of evidence-based policy analysis was a key factor in whether they were delegitimized. The original policy instruments were generally dysfunctional, but reframing the policy in terms of a multifunctionality paradigm permitted the development of more efficacious instruments. A dynamic interaction takes place between the instruments and policy informed by the predominant discourses

Monetary policy instruments for developing countries

In developing countries, the evolution of financial markets and growing disenchantment with directed credit programs and bank-by-bank credit ceilings have increased the interest in examining and moving to indirect methods of implementing monetary policy. The authors provide an overview of the policy issues developing countries face in light of industrial country experience in the last two decades. They discuss the objectives of monetary policy and how these have evolved in recent years, and they describe the different policy instruments that have become available to monetary authorities and how these instruments can be used to cope with the main shocks affecting monetary policy : government deficit financing and those related to external flows. Shifting from direct ways of controlling monetary policy is not universally appealing. Direct controls are simple to operate and seem to offer a sure handle on overall credit or money growth. Moving away from direct controls often involves a fundamental reorientation of central bankers and government officials, not only toward directed credit but toward the financing of government debt. Not every country is in a position to immediately apply the experience gained by industrial countries in operating indirect methods of monetary control. However, more and more monetary authorities can be expected to follow the lead taken especially by several Asian economies.Macroeconomic Management,Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Intermediation,Banks&Banking Reform

Designs on governance : development of policy instruments and dynamics in governance

The thesis analyses the role of policy instruments for dynamics of governance, using case studies on ‘emissisons trading’ and ‘network access regulation in the utilities’. It opens by observing a paradox: Policy instruments are criticised for misrepresenting the complex and contested reality of public policy-making by portraying it as technical problem-solving, yet, policy instruments play an increasingly central role in policy analysis, design and public debate. \ud The first part of the thesis develops a conception of policy instruments as ‘designs on governance’. This implies a double life: as models of governance and as configurations that work in real world governance contexts. Understanding the role of policy instruments requires to study the development of trajectories in governance patterns that result from the interaction of models and configurations. Concepts from innovation studies are mobilised and the notion of an ‘innovation journey’ is adopted as a heuristic framework. \ud The second part of the thesis presents two case studies examplifying different innovation patterns: design push (case of emissions trading) and dynamics pull (case of network access regulation). For each pattern typical phases and transitions as well as ironies that undermine the instrumentality of designs on governance are discussed. Conclusions of the thesis address the co-evolution of policy instruments with broader governance dynamics and specify conditions under which momentum of instruments may dominate over dynamics of problem formulation and political authority, or vice versa. Key insights are formulated with respect to the division of design labour between local and global in the context of emerging cosmopolitan governance regimes, the social life of policy instruments and the ambivalent role of technical models of governance for effectiveness as well as democratic legimitacy of public policy