DC Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion Test of Insulating Materials

The paper reviews previous work on the DC inclined plane test and suggests equivalent DC voltage levels in parallel to AC voltage in the ASTM inclined plane tracking and erosion test. The aim of this work is to provide a basis for standardizing the inclined plane test for DC voltage. Round robin tests done in five laboratories on five specimens of a silicone rubber material were done with the purpose of establishing appropriate ratios by which the equivalent DC voltages can be determined with respect to the corresponding AC voltages. These levels were determined as 67% and 87%, for +DC and-DC respectively, of the AC initial tracking voltage, and for practical purposes, these levels are rounded to 70 and 90%.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Mosaics from arbitrary stereo video sequences

lthough mosaics are well established as a compact and non-redundant representation of image sequences, their application still suffers from restrictions of the camera motion or has to deal with parallax errors. We present an approach that allows construction of mosaics from arbitrary motion of a head-mounted camera pair. As there are no parallax errors when creating mosaics from planar objects, our approach first decomposes the scene into planar sub-scenes from stereo vision and creates a mosaic for each plane individually. The power of the presented mosaicing technique is evaluated in an office scenario, including the analysis of the parallax error

Control for an Autonomous Bicycle

The control of nonholonomic and underactuated systems with symmetry is illustrated by the problem of controlling a bicycle. We derive a controller which, using steering and rear-wheel torque, causes a model of a riderless bicycle to recover its balance from a near fall as well as converge to a time parameterized path in the ground plane. Our construction utilizes new results for both the derivation of equations of motion for nonholonomic systems with symmetry, as well as the control of underactuated robotic systems

Design and Development of Data Acquisition for Leakage Current at Electrical Tracking Test

Abstract—In electrical power systems, the insulator is the material that determines whether the electrical energy can be supplied or delivered to a place of excellent quality and does not harm the human and the environment around such high voltage electrical conductor devices. In testing leakage current in the laboratory, current and voltage changes in input and current changes and output voltages change very quickly, making it difficult to detect with the usual measuring device. For that required software to simulate the test. One method used to test the insulation resistance of the insulator material is the Inclined Plane Tracking (IPT) method. That is a method used to represent the leakage current on the surface of an insulation. The insulation and leakage resistance simulation in this test is performed by Multisim 14 software by simulating the insulation resistance with a potentiometer that changes resistance when a leak current occurs in the test. The resistance is increased step by step to know the parameters of current and voltage at the time of testing. In this simulation testing is done in stages, so it can be known Source Voltage, Input Voltage, Input Current, Leakage Current and Output Voltage. Simulation using Multisim 14 software can represent insulation resistance, leakage current and output voltage that can be used to obtain replacement resistance (Rp), leakage current (Iout), output voltage (Vout), alternating current (Iloss) and replacement voltage (Vloss). Simulation Software Proteus can simulate data received in the form of analog into digital data. Further processed according to the data required. Keywords— Inclined Plane Tracking (IPT), Leakage Current, Data Acquisitio

Arc tracking control in insulation systems for aeronautic applications: challenges, opportunities, and research needs

Next generation aircrafts will use more electrical power to reduce weight, fuel consumption, system complexity and greenhouse gas emissions. However, new failure modes and challenges arise related to the required voltage increase and consequent rise of electrical stress on wiring insulation materials, thus increasing the risk of electrical arc appearance. This work performs a critical and comprehensive review concerning arc tracking effects in wiring insulation systems, underlying mechanisms, role of materials and possible mitigation strategies, with a special focus on aircraft applications. To this end an evaluation of the scientific and technological state of the art is carried out from the analysis of theses, research articles, technical reports, international standards and white papers. This review paper also reports the limitations of existing insulation materials, standard test methods and mitigation approaches, while identifying the research needs to comply with the future demands of the aircraft industryPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Heavy Ion Physics at LHC

The study of heavy ion interactions constitutes an important part of the experimental program outlined for the Large Hadron Collider under construction at CERN and expected to be operational by 2006. ALICE is the single detector having the capabilities to explore at the same time most of the characteristics of high energy heavy ion interactions. Specific studies of jet quenching and quarkonia production, essentially related to $\mu$ detection are also planned by CMS.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure (in eps) talk given at XXXI International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sep. 1-7, 2001, Datong China URL http://ismd31.ccnu.edu.cn

Inclined-plane tracking parameters variability in indentifying leakage current and carbon track of polymer nanocomposites

Surface discharge is a phenomenon of insulating surface failure due to intensive leakage current (LC) flow. The existence of LC on the wet contaminated material surfaces causes a permanent conducting path to the insulating material due to surface erosion, which is due to high-voltage stress. Conventionally, the standard experimental test requires the inclined plane tracking (IPT) test hardware arrangement and sample material preparation. This experiment is also time consuming and costly. Hence, this thesis proposes field simulation using finite element analysis software to investigate the LC and electric field during surface discharge activity. Different compounds of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and natural rubber (NR) blended with different percentage of silicone oxide (SiO2) and alumina hydroxide (Al(OH)3) nanofillers were tested using the IPT test and field simulation at 4.5 kV with a contaminant flow rate of 0.60 ml/min. The controlled parameters of applied voltage, conductivity and permittivity of material as well as contaminant solution were also tested in the IPT test and field simulation. Due to the limitation in the field simulation, the LC obtained displays similar impression though not explicit. Thus, correction factors (f) were determined to achieve absolute value of LC. LLDPE-NR/SiO2 at 1wt% (A1) was found to be the lowest LC for both experimental and simulation results. In the experiment, the consequence of LC with the carbon track rate, hydrophobicity loss, and morphological analysis was investigated to obtain the tracking and erosion performance of the insulator materials. The high distribution of LC causes severe carbon track rate and larger hydrophobicity loss on the composition as demonstrated on LLDPE-NR samples. Morphological analysis on the surface also showed greater deterioration of the surface structure. The field simulation approach can be used as another option in investigating surface tracking resistance as the results due to LC could be forecasted

STUDI ARUS BOCOR DENGAN METODE PENGUKURAN INCLINED-PLANE TRACKING (IPT) PADA MATERIAL POLIMER HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

Sistem tenaga listrik yang baik harus didukung oleh sistem isolasi yang baik pula. Salah satu kriteria sistem isolasi yang baik adalah memiliki sifat hidrofobik atau sifat menolak air. Di daerah pantai dan industri kondisi lingkungan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja sebuah isolator. Adanya kontaminan garam dan bahan kimia di udara dapat menempel pada permukaan isolator pasangan luar dan menyebabkan terjadinya Leakage Current (LC) atau arus bocor yang mengalir pada permukaan isolator tersebut. Adanya arus bocor merupakan peristiwa awal yang dapat mengakibatkan degradasi permukaan isolator yang lama-kelamaan menyebabkan kegagalan sebuah isolator. Tugas akhir ini mempresentasikan hasil penelitian tentang pengukuran arus bocor skala laboratorium pada material isolasi polimer High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) yang berbeda tingkat kekasaran dengan metode pengukuran Inclined-Plane Tracking (IPT) menggunakan tegangan AC 50 Hz. Pengolahan data arus bocor meliputi nilai magnitude maksimal rata-rata arus bocor sebagai fungsi waktu dan melakukan proses FFT bentuk gelombang arus bocor menggunakan software bantu Labview 7.1 untuk mengetahui nilai THD arus bocor. Nilai THD arus bocor merupakan parameter untuk mengetahui sifat hidrofobik permukaan material. Untuk mengetahui kecenderungan data arus bocor digunakan metode pendekatan persamaan garis regresi kuadrat terkecil polinom orde 2. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan proses analisis menunjukkan bahwa magnituda dan bentuk gelombang dari arus bocor sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kekasaran permukaan material dan besarnya aliran kontaminan, kecenderungan %THD sebagai fungsi waktu yang relatif menurun, serta permukaan material tanpa kekasaran khusus lebih bersifat hidrofobik dibandingkan dengan material dengan kekasaran khusus berdasarkan nilai % THD arus bocornya. Kata kunci : arus bocor, HDPE, IPT, THD, Regresi Kuadrat Terkeci