Cultural landscape: Towards the design of a nocturnal lightscape

The current debate on the cultural landscape is focused on an inclusive definition. It proposes active enhancement practices and local planning tools that are also dedicated to the study of scenic-perceptive components and visual values. However, the current indications are limited to the definition of day images of sites, and are not based on investigations of the corresponding nocturnal images. The legislation and the recommendations in force in the field of lighting supply performance requirements, related to street and urban lighting, do not provide any indications regarding territorial contexts or widespread heritage sites. This paper presents a critical analysis of the lighting condition of different territorial contexts, places of widespread heritage, in particular with reference to the Italian context. The present situation has been investigated through a qualitative analysis, based on a comparison between day and night images, and a quantitative analysis, developed through a measurement campaign on representative case studies of the recurrent territorial context. In most cases, an absence of a specific lighting design strategy, aimed at defining a suitable nocturnal perception of the cultural landscape, has emerged from the collected data. The aim of the work has been to underline the importance of the study of nocturnal images and to show the possibility of developing an analysis and design methodology for these contexts. This approach should be based on a systemic vision, which should allow not only single monuments to be valorised, but also the places and landscapes that characterise a territory from a morphological and cultural point of view

[Review] Ruin Lust at Tate Britain

The ruin lies in ruins. Brian Dillon, co-curator of Tate Britain’s Ruin Lust exhibition, admits as much at the start of his accompanying book: “It seems that the harder we think about destruction and decay […] and the further we explore the very idea of ruin itself, the less the whole category holds together” (p.5). So while book and exhibition offer numerous valuable thoughts on what the ruin can mean, why it rose to prominence in art and writing of the eighteenth century, and how it persists in the modern imagination, a systematic and unified appreciation of the topic is bound to remain out-of-reach

\u3cem\u3eDer Flug der Taube: \u3c/em\u3eStephan Hermlin\u27s Attempts to Adjust to the Cultural-Political Demands in the GDR in the Early Fifties

Stephan Hermlin was born in Chemnitz (Karl-Marx-Stadt) on March 13, 1915. Antifascist resistance is at the root of all his creative efforts. At the age of 16 he became a member of the Communist Youth Party (KJV). From 1933 until 1936 he went undercover in Berlin, joining the illegal fight against National-Socialism. In 1937 he participated in the Spanish Civil War, and in 1939 he made contact with the French Resistance. With the help of the Maquis, an underground group in southern France that became the nucleus of the Resistance, he escaped from the German occupation forces to Switzerland, where he stayed in internment camps until the end of the war. Hermlin returned to Germany in 1945, first to Frankfurt am Main, where he worked in radio broadcasting. His first volume of poetry, Zwölf Balladen von den Großen Städten, had appeared before the end of the war in Switzerland. Since that time he has become one of the most prolific writers of East Germany, which he made his home in 1947. His contributions to the literary scene after the war include poetry, translations, short stories, essays, as well as his work as editor. This study focuses on one aspect of his poetry. It tries to analyze the book Der Flug der Taube (1952) within its historical context and as a phase in Hermlin\u27s development as a lyrical poet

Historical approximation to the drawing architecture in Spain in the 20th century

[EN] This article analyzes the graphic language of Luis Albert Ballesteros, a representative architect of a generation that put an end to the academicism tradition of the nineteenth century and laid the groundwork for a renewal that new century socially demanded. Of all his extensive professional work, emphasis is placed on the two decades prior to the Civil War, when all realms of life were infused with the pretension of progress and attention directed to the European avant-garde, although never with the same degree of enthusiasm or commitment. His modern drawings of unexecuted projects, his preliminary sketches and final communicative language reflect the debate from a time when heterodox rationalist architecture coexisted alongside exacerbated opposing proposals, and where the middle ground was the most popular option.[ES] Este artículo analiza el lenguaje gráfico de Luis Albert Ballesteros, arquitecto representativo de una generación que puso punto final a la tradición academicista del siglo xix, e inició el camino de renovación demandado socialmente con el cambio de siglo. De toda su extensa trayectoria profesional, se pone énfasis en las dos décadas previas a la Guerra Civil, donde la pretensión de progreso y atención a las vanguardias europeas impregnó todos los ámbitos, aunque nunca con el mismo grado de entusiasmo, ni compromiso. Sus dibujos modernos en las propuestas no ejecutadas, sus croquis de ideación previos y su lenguaje comunicativo final, recogen el debate de una época donde convivieron heterodoxa arquitectura racionalista, con opuestas propuestas exacerbadas, y donde la postura intermedia supuso la opción más concurrida.Giménez Ribera, M. (2018). Aproximación histórica al dibujo de arquitectura en España en el siglo XX. Luis Albert. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 23(32):274-293. doi:10.4995/ega.2018.9816SWORD2742932332Bohigas, Oriol. 1998. Modernidad en la arquitectura de la Espa-a republicana. Tusquets Editores, Barcelona.Banham, Reyner. Teoría y dise-o en la primera era de la máquina. Ediciones Piados. Barcelona, Buenos Aires, México, 1985.Frampton, Kenneth. 1998.Historia crítica de la arquitectura moderna. Editorial Gustavo Gili, Barcelona. 18Franco Taboada, J. A. (2017). Antonio Palacios, una singularidad arquitectónica de la modernidad vista a través de sus dibujos. EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica, 22(29), 268. doi:10.4995/ega.2017.7356Pe-in, Alberto. 1978. Valencia. 1874-1959. Ciudad, arquitectura y arquitectos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Valencia. 132-13

Hareport hazard: Identifying hare activity patterns and increased mammal–aircraft strike risk at an International Airport

Abstract Reported strike events between wildlife and aircraft are hazardous to aircraft and airfield operations and are increasing globally. To develop effective mitigation strategies, the relative hazard a species poses to aircraft, as well as information relating to its life history, are key to the development of effective mitigation strategies in Wildlife Hazard Management Plans. However, given the complex nature of airfield environments with access restrictions and the presence of sensitive equipment, the collection of high‐quality ecological data can be difficult. Here we use motion‐activated camera traps to collect activity data on a population of Irish hares (Lepus timidus hibernicus) inhabiting the airfield at Dublin International Airport, to investigate the link between hare activity and aircraft activity in relation to hare strikes. Camera traps revealed that the hare population at the airfield largely displayed a bimodal crepuscular activity pattern, with activity peaking at sunrise and at sunset. Recorded hare strike times at the airfield were closely associated with hare activity times with a high temporal overlap between these datasets. In comparison, hare activity and aircraft movement activity had a moderate overlap across all seasons, with strikes peaking at times with low aircraft movements. We demonstrate the importance of understanding the circadian and seasonal activity patterns of hazardous species at airfields for targeted strike mitigation

ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN EMPHASIZING THE ENTRANCE APPROACHES

Building\u27s entrance is metaphorically a threshold between two realms, the first is an outdoor exposed to climatic change, hazards, and environmental factors, while the second is controlled, monitored, and determined to certain functions. It plays an important role in enriching users\u27 experience. Moreover, it is the first impression a visitor takes to evaluate a whole building. Architecturally, the entrance is a very special part in the elevation, distinguished and emphasized by different design approaches. One of these approaches is using lighting. There is a direct connection between recognition of a space and light assimilation in it. From sunset to dawn, the artificial lighting plays a role in drawing attention to texture, colours, and forms of external elevations, which supports architecture to achieve its purpose. This paper sheds the light on the problem of architects\u27 failure to manage an entrance perception due to insufficient light integration, over illumination, or weak transition from space to another. Many architects consider the entrance as a challenging task, because they believe that it has a direct impact on visitors\u27 perception. This paper, therefore, aims to propose design methods to emphasize the entrance of buildings at night through using the proper artificial lighting. To achieve this aim, the paper used a scientific methodology, based on tracing literature review about design of entrances, investigating ideas of entrances\u27 emphasis, and then analysing four case studies trying to identify the different design approaches of their entrances and how the location, direction, and intensity of illumination became a part of their nocturnal architectural elevation. As a conclusion, techniques of lighting entrances contribute in perceiving architecture’s true purpose and raise the aesthetic dimension of the building at night

Between solar and lunar hero: a cartographic study of Brazilian Olympic athletes in the social imaginary

Sport, understood as a social phenomenon and object of research, brings together the efforts of the most diverse fields of academic knowledge production. In the present paper, we propose a cartographic study of the images that are present in the biographical narratives of four Brazilian Olympic athletes, exploring their interconnections, subtleness and ambiguities. We defend that the study of the images of the nocturnal heroes, normally placed in the background by media processes, can act as important amplifier for the understanding of the complexities that constitutes the social imaginary of the sport phenomenon. Our argument is that, in their trajectories, these athletes manifest solar, lunar and “in between” hero experiences. The theoretical framework connects three previous studies: the research on the theme of the nocturnal hero; Rubio’s investigation on “Brazilian Olympic Heroes”; and the cartographic method for the investigation on the processes of image and imaginaries’ creation proposed by Leao

Undergraduate Research in the Time of COVID-19: A Remote Imaging Protocol for Physically Distanced Students Studying Wildlife.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shuttered many university research labs because campuses are closed, and faculty and students lack productive ways of working remotely. This presents major difficulties for students who need research opportunities to fulfill their intellectual growth potential and their undergraduate research and thesis requirements. Without research experiences, undergraduates may be less competitive for future jobs and graduate programs. Similarly, faculty need research avenues to advance their academic careers while maintaining physically distant protocols. We outline here a budget-friendly, COVID-friendly, adaptable protocol that aims to introduce students to the wildlife research opportunities surrounding their campus or home through observation and literature research. Student researchers learn the scientific method by getting first-hand experience with an original research project. The pedagogical goals include designing a study: defining a question or proposing a hypothesis, collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and sharing results in the form of posters, theses, informal educational materials, and scientific publications. This protocol is flexible to allow for different budgets, opportunities, and constraints. The researchers monitor different locations using trail cameras to determine which species are present around campus or even students\u27 homes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when it is likely there will be few in-person meetings, this protocol offers students the opportunity to carry out research with limited or no in-person meetings, and it can be run remotely by sharing the data collected. In this paper, we provide instructions, details, and student handouts for instructors to help implement this research project

The Truth of Night in the Italian Baroque

In the sixteenth century, the nocturne genre developed in Italian art introducing the idea of a scene depicted in the darkness of night. This concept of darkness paired with intense light was adopted by Caravaggio in the late sixteenth century and popularized by himself and his followers. The seemingly sudden shift towards darkness and night is puzzling when viewed as individual occurrences in artists’ works. As an entire genre, the night scene bears cultural implications that indicate the level of influence culture and society have over artists and patrons. The rising popularity of the theater and the tension between Protestantism and Catholicism intersected to create a changing view on the perception of darkness and light. This merging of cultural phenomena affected Caravaggio and his contemporaries, prompting them to develop the nocturne genre to meet the growing demands for darker images