La « fleur de la chretiente ». L’ordre de Malte et la noblesse europeenne au xvii siecle

La noblesse constituait le pilier qui préservait et alimentait l’Ordre, ce dernier ne pouvant fonctionner sans le patronage de la noblesse qui, en retour, comptait sur l’Ordre pour accepter en son sein les descendants mâles trop nombreux et pour renforcer son exclusivité. Entre 1664 et 1715, s’inspirant de précédentes administrations, Louis XIV publia un certain nombre d’édits concernant les statuts de noblesse en France. Les « recherches de la noblesse » du roi étaient un moyen de contrôle de l’affiliation aux rangs de la noblesse, mettant l’accent sur le rôle du prince en tant que source de noblesse ; les gouvernements Bourbon en Espagne et Habsbourg en Autriche adoptèrent des procédures similaires au xviiie siecle.peer-reviewe

PENINGKATAN KASUS PERDAGANGAN PEREMPUAN DI INDIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FEMINISME

This thesis is entitled “Increasing Cases of Women Trafficking in India from a Feminist Perspective.” This research is interesting to study because India is one of the countries facing significant challenges related to women trafficking. The high number of cases, complex history, and culture complement the dynamics of existing social structures. There is an influence of feminist movements, as well as gender equality challenges that affect the high level of violence against women. The research method used by the researcher employs a qualitative explanatory approach, requiring a level analysis as a tool to simplify the problem. The findings of this research are that the increase in women trafficking cases in India from a feminist perspective is caused by several factors. The emphirical feminist approach is objectively explained by seeking causal relationship and adopting a positivistic research agenda. The causal relationship is the strong patriarchal culture in Indian society and gender inequality. Based on this foundation, the author identifies that the failure to address women trafficking in India can be explained by the empirical feminist approach through three factors: the absence of women in government, patriarchal dominance in decision-making, and the lack of pro-women policies in decision-making on women trafficking issues

[Review] Jay M. Smith, ed. (2006) The French nobility in the eighteenth century: reassessments and new approaches

A 6,000 word review article discussing this book and recent approaches to the nobility in eighteenth-century France

Using Sensitivity as a Method for Ranking the Test Cases Classified by Binary Decision Trees

Usually, data mining projects that are based on decision trees for classifying test cases will use the probabilities provided by these decision trees for ranking classified test cases. We have a need for a better method for ranking test cases that have already been classified by a binary decision tree because these probabilities are not always accurate and reliable enough. A reason for this is that the probability estimates computed by existing decision tree algorithms are always the same for all the different cases in a particular leaf of the decision tree. This is only one reason why the probability estimates given by decision tree algorithms can not be used as an accurate means of deciding if a test case has been correctly classified. Isabelle Alvarez has proposed a new method that could be used to rank the test cases that were classified by a binary decision tree [Alvarez, 2004]. In this paper we will give the results of a comparison of different ranking methods that are based on the probability estimate, the sensitivity of a particular case or both

Spectrograms of ship wakes: identifying linear and nonlinear wave signals

A spectrogram is a useful way of using short-time discrete Fourier transforms to visualise surface height measurements taken of ship wakes in real world conditions. For a steadily moving ship that leaves behind small-amplitude waves, the spectrogram is known to have two clear linear components, a sliding-frequency mode caused by the divergent waves and a constant-frequency mode for the transverse waves. However, recent observations of high speed ferry data have identified additional components of the spectrograms that are not yet explained. We use computer simulations of linear and nonlinear ship wave patterns and apply time-frequency analysis to generate spectrograms for an idealised ship. We clarify the role of the linear dispersion relation and ship speed on the two linear components. We use a simple weakly nonlinear theory to identify higher order effects in a spectrogram and, while the high speed ferry data is very noisy, we propose that certain additional features in the experimental data are caused by nonlinearity. Finally, we provide a possible explanation for a further discrepancy between the high speed ferry spectrograms and linear theory by accounting for ship acceleration.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitte