364,565 research outputs found
Livelihoods and Migrants' Social Protection: An Investigation of Migration and Health in Beijing and Tianjin, North China
This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the social protection for rural-urban migrants in Chinese cities. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Beijing and Tianjin and applying an analytical framework of livelihood studies, it examines an important aspect of migrantsâ social protection, namely migrantsâ health, in particular workplace safety and occupational health. It aims at (1) delineating the current state of affairs in respect of social protection for rural migrants; (2) identifying the risks and threats to migrantsâ health as perceived by the actors involved; (3) examining the extent to which the social rights of rural migrants are recognized, and the struggles that migrants have fought for securing livelihood and realising such rights; and (4) assessing the central and local government responses to the challenges posed for mobile livelihoods and suggesting possible ways forward
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Production and Transnational transfer of the language of difference: the effects of Polish migrantsâ encounters with superdiversity
While Polish migration to the UK has attracted much academic attention, there has been less discussion about the consequences of Polish migrantsâ encounters with difference in socially diverse UK contexts. In particular, relatively little has been written about how Polish migrants describe or refer to âvisibleâ difference in terms of ethnicity, nationality, religion, class and gender. This reflects a broader tendency in migration studies to frequently overlook the production and transnational transfer of migrant language. In this article, I explore how Polish post-2004 migrants to the northern English city of Leeds produce âthe language of differenceâ and how this migrant language is passed on to non-migrants in Poland. I distinguish two types of language of difference â the language of stigma and the language of respect. I note that migrants construct both speech normativities through engaging with rhetoric existing in the Polish and/or the UK context as well as through developing âmigrant slangâ of difference. I further argue that the language of stigma and the language of respect are transferred to Poland via the agency of migrants. The article draws upon a broader study of Polish migrantsâ values and attitudes towards difference and the circulation of ideas between these migrants and their family members and friends in Poland. It contributes to emerging debates on Polish migrantsâ encounters with difference and social remittances between the UK and Poland
The effect of rural-to-urban migration on renal function in an Indian population: cross-sectional data from the Hyderabad arm of the Indian Migration Study.
BACKGROUND: Urban migration is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, obesity and diabetes in Indian migrants. This study assessed the relationship between internal migration and renal function in the Hyderabad arm of the Indian Migration Study. METHODS: We assessed 841 subjects; urban non-migrants (n = 158), urban migrants (n = 424) and rural non-migrants (n = 259). Muscle mass was ascertained from DXA scanning. We derived urban life years for urban migrants and rural non-migrants. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between tertiles of urban life years and 4-variable MDRD eGFR using Stata 11. RESULTS: Mean eGFR was lower in urban non-migrants and urban migrants compared to rural non-migrants. The prevalence of CKD 3-5 was higher in the rural non-migrant population (5.0%) than in the urban non-migrant populations (2.5%) due to a negatively skewed distribution of eGFR in rural non-migrants. As urban life years increased, eGFR declined (p = 0.008) though there was no obvious dose response effect. After adjustment for muscle mass, the association was attenuated and the trend was consistent with chance (p = 0.08). Further adjustment for vascular risk factors weakened the association to a small degree (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of reduced eGFR in rural areas requires further research. Urbanization was associated with reduced eGFR. This association appears mostly to be due to higher muscle mass with a small contribution from adverse vascular disease risk factors
Accommodating 'others'?: housing dispersed, forced migrants in the UK
Utilising insights from a qualitative study in the city of Leeds (UK), this paper considers issues related to the housing of dispersed forced migrants. The term 'dispersed forced migrants' is used here as a general label to include four groups of international migrants (i.e. refugees, asylum seekers, those with humanitarian protection status and failed asylum seekers) who have previously been dispersed, on a no choice basis, to a variety of locations across the UK under the requirements of the Immigration and Asylum Act (1999). The tiering of housing entitlement that exists within the generic population of dispersed forced migrants (a consequence of the particular socio-legal status assigned to individuals), and its role in rendering migrants susceptible to homelessness is outlined. The adequacy/standard of accommodation made available to forced migrants is also discussed. It is concluded that current arrangements fail to meet the basic housing needs of many forced migrants. Any future improvement in this situation will require a significant shift in government policy
The impact of immigration on geographic mobility of New Zealanders
This paper uses data from the New Zealand Census to examine how the supply of
recent migrants in particular skill groups affects the geographic mobility of the New
Zealand-born and earlier migrants. We identify the impact of recent migration on
mobility using the âarea-analysisâ approach, which exploits the fact that immigration
is spatially concentrated, and thus a change in the local supply of migrants in a
particular skill group should have an impact on the mobility of similarly skilled nonmigrants
in that local labour market. Overall, our results provide little support for the
hypothesis that migrant inflows displace either the NZ-born or earlier migrants with
similar skills in the areas that new migrants are settling. If anything, they suggest
that there are positive spillovers between recent migrants and other individuals that
encourage individuals to move to or remain in the areas in which similarly skilled
migrants are settling. Thus, it appears unlikely that internal mobility moderates any
potential impacts of immigration on labour or housing markets in New Zealand
Urban Dreams of Migrants: A Case Study of Migrant Integration in Shanghai
Unprecedented human mobility has driven the rapid urbanization around the
world. In China, the fraction of population dwelling in cities increased from
17.9% to 52.6% between 1978 and 2012. Such large-scale migration poses
challenges for policymakers and important questions for researchers. To
investigate the process of migrant integration, we employ a one-month complete
dataset of telecommunication metadata in Shanghai with 54 million users and 698
million call logs. We find systematic differences between locals and migrants
in their mobile communication networks and geographical locations. For
instance, migrants have more diverse contacts and move around the city with a
larger radius than locals after they settle down. By distinguishing new
migrants (who recently moved to Shanghai) from settled migrants (who have been
in Shanghai for a while), we demonstrate the integration process of new
migrants in their first three weeks. Moreover, we formulate classification
problems to predict whether a person is a migrant. Our classifier is able to
achieve an F1-score of 0.82 when distinguishing settled migrants from locals,
but it remains challenging to identify new migrants because of class imbalance.
This classification setup holds promise for identifying new migrants who will
successfully integrate into locals (new migrants that misclassified as locals).Comment: A modified version. The paper was accepted by AAAI 201
Meeting basic needs? Forced migrants and welfare
As the number of forced migrants entering Britain has risen, increasingly restrictive immigration
and asylum policy has been introduced. Simultaneously, successive governments
have sought to limit the welfare entitlements of forced migrants. Drawing on two
sets of semi-structured qualitative interviews, with migrants and key respondents providing
welfare services, this paper considers the adequacy of welfare provisions in relation to the
financial and housing needs of four different groups of forced migrants i.e. refugees, asylum
seekers, those with humanitarian protection status and failed asylum seekers/âoverstayersâ.
There is strong evidence to suggest that statutory provisions are failing to meet the basic
financial and housing needs of many forced migrants
Are Migrants More Skilled than Non-Migrants? Repeat, Return and Same-Employer Migrants
I examine the determinants of inter-state migration of adults within western Germany, using the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984-2000. I highlight the prevalence and distinctive characteristics of migrants who do not change employers. Same-employer migrants represent one fifth of all migrants higher education and pre-move wages than non-migrants. Conditional on age, same-employer migrants are therefore more skilled than non-migrants. By contrast, although other migrants have higher education than non-migrants, they do not have higher pre-move wages. Furthermore, they have in their ranks disproportionate numbers of the non-employed, unemployed and recently laid off. It therefore seems inappropriate to characterize them as more skilled than non-migrants. The results for same-employer migrants indicate that skilled workers have a low-cost migration avenue that has not been considered in the previous literature. I also analyze the relation between repeat and return migration and distinguish between short and long-distance migration. I confirm that long-distance migrants are more skilled than short-distance migrants, as predicted by theory, and I show that return migrants are a mix of successes and failures.
Are Migrants More Skilled than Non-Migrants?: Repeat, Return and Same-Employer Migrants
I examine the determinants of inter-state migration of adults within western Germany, using the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984 - 2000. I highlight the prevalence and distinctive characteristics of migrants who do not change employers. Same-employer migrants represent 25 % of all migrants, and have higher education and pre-move wages than non-migrants. Conditional on age, same-employer migrants are therefore more skilled than non-migrants. By contrast, although other migrants have higher education than non-migrants, they do not have higher pre-move wages. Furthermore, they have in their ranks disproportionate numbers of the non-employed, unemployed and recently laid off. It therefore seems inappropriate to characterize them as more skilled than non-migrants. The results for same-employer migrants indicate that skilled workers have a low-cost migration avenue that has not been considered in the previous literature. I also analyze the relation between repeat and return migration and distinguish between short and long-distance migration. I confirm that long-distance migrants are more skilled than short-distance migrants, as predicted by theory, and I show that return migrants are a mix of successes and failures.
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