Dalekosežni glazbeni učinci talijanskih Grand tours Ignaza Marije von Attems-Heiligenkreutza (1714-1762) i Thomasa Graya (1716-1771)

Italy was for the Grand Tourists of the eighteenth century the most frequently visited part of Europe. More musically oriented travellers reported also on music events and collected music sources for further private but also public use in their homelands. The musical interests of two lesser known Grand Tourists of the late 1730s, a Styrian aristocrat Ignaz von Attems and the English Pre-Romantic poet Thomas Gray, aligned in their operatic taste for they both collected some of the then most successful and popular arias. The combined information from the two music collections and personal lett ers of both travellers unveil some mysteries and fill some small lacunae in our knowledge of Italian eighteenth-century opera.Članak obrađuje fenomen glazbe u kontekstu prvorazredne kulturne stavke 18. stoljeća – Velike turneje (Grand Tour) po Italiji. Polazište je skupina glazbenih rukopisa što su nekoć pripadali mladome plemiću na njegovu odgojnom posjetu Italiji godine 1738. Uža domovina grofa Ignaza von Attemsa bila je južna austrijska pokrajina Štajerska. Analizom glazbe i interdisciplinarnom kontekstualizacijom njegovih pisama mogu se sigurno ustanoviti kulturni transferi glazbenog repertoara između gradova zemlje koju je posjetio i njegove uže domovine. Uspoređuju li se činjenice iz glazbene zbirke njegove supruge (zbirka Attems nalazi se danas u SI-Mpa) i iz drugih srodnih materijala došlo se nasumce do novih otkrića, tj. dosad nepoznatog uglazbljenja jedne opere poznatoga autora (Andrea Bernasconi). Jedan od ključeva za postavljanje ove hipoteze nađen je u rukopisima koje je prepisao drugi putnik Velike turneje, mnogo poznatiji Englez Thomas Gray, koji je također posjetio Italiju 1738. godine i za sobom ostavio glazbene rukopise i korespondenciju. Pokazalo se da kulturni utjecaj ovih neposrednih glazbenih iskustava, kao i konkretni glazbeni suveniri koje su putnici Velikih turneja prenijeli iz Italije u njihove domovine, imaju – što je vidljivo na dva primjera – daleko veću važnost nego što se dosada vjerovalo, pa će istraživanje u tom smjeru nesumnjivo baciti novo svjetlo ili objasniti neke od još uvijek maglovitih aspekata zamršene mreže europskih kulturnih razmjena u 18. stoljeću

Slikovne dekoracije u župnoj crkvi sv. Andreja u Zgornjem Leskovcu i zagrebački slikar Anton Archer

This paper discusses and analyses wall paintings in St. Andrew\u27s Parish Church at Zgornji Leskovec. The church was built in 1779 (according to the date on the portal) and probably painted shortly thereafter. This is confirmed by the style of painting and by a mention in a written source. The fresco paintings have not yet been presented, analysed or assessed. This paper explains their iconography. Based on a critical stylistic analysis, the frescoes are attributed to Anton Archer, a painter from Zagreb who worked with the Styrian painter Anton Lerchinger. The studied wall paintings are the first work of art in Slovenia to be attributed to Anton Archer. Furthermore, they show that the painter worked completely independently as early as 1780, i.e. before Anton Lerchinger\u27s death. This paper could be a good starting point for further attributions of Late Baroque paintings in the Zagorje region.U radu se raspravlja i analizira zidno slikarstvo u župnoj crkvi sv. Andreja u Zgornjem Leskovcu. Crkva je sagrađena 1779. godine (prema datumu na ulazu) te je vjerojatno oslikana nedugo nakon toga. To potvrđuje i stil slikanja te podatak u pisanim izvorima. Ove freske još nisu predstavljene, analizirane ni procijenjene. U radu se objašnjava njihova ikonografija. Temeljem kritičke stilske analize, freske se pripisuju Antonu Archeru, slikaru iz Zagreba koji je radio sa štajerskim slikarom Antonom Lerchingerom. Proučavane zidne slike prvo su umjetničko djelo u Sloveniji koje se pripisuje Antonu Archeru. Nadalje, pokazuju da je slikar radio potpuno samostalno već 1780. godine, tj. prije smrti Antona Lerchingera. Ovaj rad mogao bi predstavljati dobro polazište za daljnje određivanje autorstva kasnobaroknih slika u području Zagorja

Parnas nadvojvode Ferdinanda v Gradcu

Archduke Ferdinand of Inner Austria was not only the dedicatee of the anthology Parnassus Musicus Ferdinandaeus – in itself a rich document of the future Holy Roman Emperor’s wide-ranging musical connections – but his court in Graz also became – on account of his personal music interests and the opportunities provided by carefully planned family connections – a major hub of the leading musical trends of the first two decades of the seventeenth century. The paper provides an overview of this intricate web forming Ferdinand’s musical “Parnassus” in Graz.Notranjeavstrijski nadvojvoda Ferdinand ni bil le naslovnik antologije Parnassus musicus Ferdinandaeus – že samo ta je bogat dokument o širokih glasbenih zanimanjih bodočega cesarja Svetega rimskega cesarstva – temveč je njegov graški dvor zaradi vladarjevega zanimanja za glasbo ter številnih premišljeno načrtovanih družinskih zvez v celoti postal eno izmed vodilnih glasbenih središč v prvih dveh desetletjih 17. stoletja. Razprava prinaša pregledno sliko te zapletene mreže, ki je ustvarila Ferdinandov graški Parnas

Amfibolska hipoteza - istraživanje odnosa između kohorte parova oboljelih od karcinoma pluća/kontrole i izloženosti krizotilu i amfibolima

This paper describes a case control study investigating separately the lung cancer risk of exposure to chrysotile and to amphiboles. Logistic regression models were used to estimate separate exposure-response curves for the two fibre types, controlling for smoking. In the period longer than 15 years before lung cancer diagnosis, smokers above the 90th percentile of cumulative exposure to either chrysotile (OR=1.8, 95 % CI=0.6-5.2) or amphibole (OR=2.3, 95 % CI=0.9-6.2) had a somewhat higher risk than those with lower exposure. The author found suggestive evidence of an association between chrysotile and lung cancer, and especially between amphiboles and lung cancer. In this study, cumulative exposures to amphiboles were on average 40 times lower than cumulative exposures to chrysotile, and the author assumes that the amphibole effect would be much higher if the amphibole level of cumulative exposure were the same as that of chrysotile.U ovome epidemiološkom istraživanju kohorte parova slučaj/kontrola (engl. nested case-control cohort study) ispitan je komparativni rizik od pojave karcinoma pluća u kohorti od 6714 muškaraca izloženih mineralnim vlaknima krizotila i amfibola u tvornici Salonit, Anhovo, Slovenija u razdoblju od 1964. do 1994. godine. Na poduzorku od 52 pušača s karcinomom pluća i 185 po dobi i spolu odgovarajućih kontrola u razdoblju duljem od 15 godina prije utvrđivanja dijagnoze, logistička je regresija pokazala da su radnici s više od 90-te percentile kumulativne izloženosti krizotilu (stupanj rizika, tzv. odds ratio, OR=1,8; interval pouzdanosti, 95 % CI=0,6-5,2) ili amfibolu (OR=2,3; 95 % CI=0,9-6,2) imali povećani rizik od pojave karcinoma pluća naspram kumulativno manje izloženih osoba. Kako je u ovom poduzorku kumulativna izloženost amfibolu bila u prosjeku 40 puta niža od izloženosti krizotilu, u radu se pretpostavlja da bi uz jednaku kumulativnu izloženost učinak amfibola bio znatno jači

Umrljivost, incidenca raka in invalidnost pri poklicnih voznikih v Sloveniji

Literature data about all-cause and cause-specific mortality among professional drivers are inconsistent. Most studies report lower all-cause and higher cause-specific mortality. Higher cause-specific mortality is most often the result of malignant and circulatory diseases. The aim of our retrospective cohort study was to get a better insight into the mortality, cancer incidence, and occupational disability of the entire professional driver population in Slovenia (N=8,231) from 1997 to 2016 through standardised mortality ratio (SMR), standardized proportional mortality ratio (SPMR), standardised cancer incidence ratio (SIR), and standardised disability ratio (SDR). Total mortality was significantly lower than that of the general working population (SMR=0.49; 95 % CI=0.44–0.55). When SPMR was calculated, however, the risk of all-cause mortality increased to 1 (SPMR=1.00; 95 % CI=0.89–1.12), of cancer-related mortality to 1.13 (95 % CI=0.94–1.35), and of injury-related mortality to 1.25 (95 % CI=0.97–1.59). Cancer incidence was lower than in the general male working population for all types of cancer (SIR=0.66; 95 % CI=0.59–0.72), lung cancer included (SIR=0.56; 95 % CI=0.41–0.73). Occupational all-cause and cause-specific disability were also lower than in the rest of the working population. Even though all types of cancer and injuries were established among professional drivers in Slovenia, no major risk stand out. However, our findings may have been skewed by the healthy worker effect.Podatki o splošni in specifični umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov so nekonsistentni. Večina raziskav poroča o nižji splošni in višji specifični umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov. Kot najpogostejša vzroka višje specifične umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov se omenjajo maligne bolezni in bolezni obtočil. Med malignimi boleznimi so najpogostejši malignomi dihal, sečil in prebavil, kar se povezuje tudi z izpostavljenostjo dizelskim plinom, ki so dokazani karcinogeni. Namen naše retrospektivne kohortne študije je bil pridobiti boljši vpogled v umrljivost, incidenco raka in delovno invalidnost poklicnih voznikov. V kohorto smo vključili 8231 moških voznikov, ki so bili v obdobju od 1997 do 2016 vključeni v poklicno zavarovanje. Uporabili smo indirektno standardizacijo in izračunali standardizirano razmerje umrljivosti (SMR), standardizirano proporcionalno razmerje umrljivosti (SPMR), standardizirano razmerje incidence raka (SIR) in standardizirano razmerje invalidnosti (SDR). Splošna umrljivost moških poklicnih voznikov je bila pomembno nižja kot pri splošni delovno aktivni populaciji (SMR=0,49; 95 % IZ=0,44–0,55). Pri izračunu SPMR se je tveganje za umrljivost zaradi vseh vzrokov zvišalo na 1 (SPMR=1,00; 95 % CI=0,89–1,12), za umrljivost, zaradi malignih bolezni na 1,13 (95 % CI=0,94–1,35) in zaradi poškodb na 1,25 (95 % IZ=0,97–1,59). Incidenca raka je bila v skupini poklicnih voznikov nižja kot pri delovno aktivni populaciji za vse in specifične vrste raka (SIR=0,66; 95 % IZ=0,59–0,72), vključno s pljučnim rakom (SIR=0,56; 95 % IZ=0,41–0,73). Tudi splošna in specifična delovna invalidnost je v skupini poklicnih voznikov nižja kot pri delovno aktivni populaciji. Na rezultate bi lahko vplival učinek zdravega delavca

Kanabis in kanabinoidi v medicini – zakonodajni vidik

The discovery of the endocannabinoid system has raised public interest in the medicinal use of cannabis, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids, which has always been closely regulated due to their psychotropic effects and potential abuse. The review takes a quick look at the current legal framework in the European Union, which regulates cannabis use and cultivation for medicinal purposes in line with the United Nations Conventions on the production, trade, and use of cannabis, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids. And while the EU legislation precisely defines requirements and marketing authorisation procedures for medicinal products for all EU member states, there is no common regulatory framework for magistral and officinal preparations containing cannabinoids, as they are exempt from marketing authorisation. Instead, their regulation is left to each member state, and it is quite uneven at this point, mainly due to cultural and historical differences between the countries, leading to different access to non-authorised medicinal products. Therefore, to meet great public interest, harmonised approaches on cannabinoid-containing products without marketing authorisation would be welcome to level the playing field in the EU.Odkritje endokanabinoidnega sistema je vzbudilo zanimanje javnosti za medicinsko uporabo konoplje, fitokanabinoidov in sintetičnih kanabinoidov, ki je bila zaradi psihotropnih učinkov in morebitne zlorabe že od nekdaj natančno regulirana. V prispevku je predstavljen pravni okvir Evropske unije, ki ureja uporabo in gojenje konoplje v medicinske namene, v skladu s konvencijami Združenih narodov o proizvodnji, trgovini in uporabi konoplje, fitokanabinoidov in sintetičnih kanabinoidov. Medtem ko zakonodaja Evropske unije natančno določa zahteve in postopke izdaje dovoljenja za promet za avtorizirana zdravila, ni skupnega regulatornega okvira za magistralne in oficinalne pripravke, ki so izvzeti iz avtorizacijskih postopkov. Njihova ureditev je prepuščena vsaki državi članici in se zaradi tega razlikuje, predvsem zaradi kulturnih in zgodovinskih razlik med državami, to pa vodi do različne dostopnosti do tovrstnih zdravil. Zaradi tega bi bili dobrodošli nekateri usklajeni pristopi držav članic EU, s katerimi bi zmanjšali razlike na trgu neavtoriziranih zdravil s kanabinoidi