Gaming Instead of Training? Exergaming Induces High-Intensity Exercise Stimulus and Reduces Cardiovascular Reactivity to Cold Pressor Test

Introduction: The present study assessed if an exercise session in an innovative exergame can modulate hemodynamic reactivity to a cold pressor test (CPT) to a similar extent as a typical moderate endurance training (ET). Furthermore, cardiorespiratory, and affective responses of an exergame session and an ET were compared. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy participants aged 25 ± 4 years (48% female; BMI 23.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants completed both an ET on a treadmill and training in the ExerCube (ECT). HR and oxygen consumption were recorded during both training sessions. Before and after both exercise sessions, the hemodynamic reactivity to a CPT was determined. Results: During ECT, HR, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and the metabolic equivalent of the task were significantly higher than those obtained during ET (p < 0.001). With regard to the CPT, the participants showed significantly lower responses in peripheral systolic (p = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) as well as central systolic (p = 0.002) and diastolic BP (P = 0.01) after ECT compared to ET. The same was true for pulse wave velocity (p = 0.039). Conclusion: The ECT induced a significantly higher exercise stimulus compared to the ET. At the same time, it attenuated hemodynamic stress reactivity. The ECT presents a relevant training stimulus that modulates cardiovascular reactivity to stress, which has been proven as a predictor for the development of hypertension. Trial Registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN43067716, 14 April 2020, Trial number: 38154

High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation

AbstractTerrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C−1) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistry – climate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures.</jats:p

Infección neumocócica en el niño. Características y medidas de prevención mediante vacunas conjugadas.

222 p.La infección por Streptococcus pneumoniae es lamayor causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Globalmente el costo anual de la enfermedad neumocócica ha sido estimada en un millón de muertes anuales en niños menores de 5 años. La administración de las vacunas conjugadas en edad infantil ha conseguido reducir la enfermedad invasiva por este microorganismo.En esta tesis doctoral se ha analizado la administración de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente combinada con otras vacunas del calendario vacunal infantil como meningococo serogrupo C o las hexavalentes, la incidencia de la neumonía asociada con derrame pleural paraneumónico en vacunados, el efecto de la vacuna antineumocócida 13-valente en poblaciones especiales como son los prematuros o la importancia de los hemocultivos en la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva. Se ha concluido que esta vacuna 13-valente se demostró muy efectiva en prevenir la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva por los serotipos vacunales, que no interfiere con otras vacunas del calendario vacunal y puede administrarse concomitantemente con ellas, que es bien tolerada en prematuros y que la administración de esta vacuna consiguió disminuir el derrame pleural paraneumónico