Pedagogisk deltakelse i boltrelek og lekeslåssing i barnehagen

Problemstilling: Hvordan kan personalet i barnehagen legge til rette for boltrelek og lekeslåssing i innerommet i barnehagen?bachelor-v201

Boulognerskogen

Boulognerskogen is a park in the central of Skövde that have had a health resort, paths for strolling, outdoor-bath, outdoor-sport areas and events. During the 1970:th there was a lack of interest for the park and very few visited it. By a motion from a resident in Skövde wich proposes that a city playground will be build in Boulognerskogen gave me an opportunity to investigate how the potential of the park can be used to create a funny and nice place to visit for children in company with adults. By a program that contains the main goals and design program for a city playground in Boulognerskogen, I wanted to present a proposal that could meet childrens needs to play and to use the conditions of the place to create places to play in, and where children in company with adults could be together. To reach this, I wanted to try different methods that could lead to a proposal that was well supported by children and adults, and wich was possible to use by the local authority in their further actions. The methods that I used was therefor an important part of the work. I have choosen to define the concept "city playground" as a greater playground situated in the center of the town that are suitable for outings and as a meetingplace, with a varation in playground attractions and promote children and adults to be together, aiming at younger children in the ages of 1-10 years in company with adults, but should also give space to activities of other groups. The definition has then been used as a guiding principle in the program and design proposal. The studying of litterature, interviews with parents and employees that works with children, and visits to the pree-school and after-school has given me an understanding of how a place should look like to attract children to play. By interviewing children, parents and visiting playgrounds, I have been able to take wishes and ideas to use in the design of the city playground. Studying the place and the results of structural and SWOT-analyses has been important to form an opinion of Boulognerskogens potential to become a city playground. By the results of analyses and after talking to children and adults that use the park, I have reached a standpoint that Boulognerskogen may be a nice and good place for a city playground. In the program the basis has been to create places that stimulate the children to play in their own way, to promote children and adults to be together, and where considerations also have been taken for the needs of the disabled persons. Even if the city playground mainly aims at younger children in company with adults, there will be space left for other persons and their activities. Many of the wishes that was given by children and adults has been considered in the design program. There are many things to play with in the city playground for the children, e.g. playing with sand, snow and water, go sneaking in a shrub labyrinth, going skating, to play with materials from the wood and with playground toys. A café and places for barbecues creates meetingplaces where children and adults can be together. By the choice of methods a program has been made possible to present wich is supported by the studies of childerns outdoor play, the potential of the place and the wishes of the users.Boulognerskogen är en park i centrala Skövde som inhyst en vattenkuranstalt, promenadstigar, utomhusbad, sportaktiviteter och evenemang. Under 1970-talet minskade intresset för parken och färre besökte den. Via ett medborgarförslag som föreslår att det byggs en stadslekpark i Boulognerskogen öppnades möjligheter för mig att undersöka hur parkens potential kan användas till att skapa en rolig och trivsam plats att besöka för barn tillsammans med vuxna. Genom ett program som redovisar översiktliga mål och gestaltningsprogram för en stadslekpark i Boulognerskogen, ville jag presentera ett förslag som kan möta barns behov av lek och där platsens förutsättningar används till att skapa miljöer för lek och samvaro för barn i sällskap med vuxna. För att uppnå detta ville jag prova olika metoder som skulle leda fram till ett förslag som är väl förankrat hos barn och vuxna och som också kan användas av kommunen att jobba vidare med. Metoderna som jag använde blev därför en viktig del av arbetet. Begreppet stadslekpark har jag valt att definiera som en centralt belägen större lekplats i staden som fungerar som utflyktsmål och mötesplats samt har ett varierat lekutbud och möjligheter till samvaro för yngre barn i åldrarna 1-10 år och vuxna i deras sällskap, men som också lämnar utrymme för andra gruppers användning. Definitionen har sedan varit vägledande för programmet. Via litteraturstudier, intervjuer med föräldrar och personal som arbetar med barn samt studiebesök på förskolor och fritidshem fick jag en förståelse för vilka miljöer som lockar barn till lek. Genom att intervjua barn och föräldrar samt göra studiebesök på lekplatser kunde jag fånga upp önskemål och idéer till innehåll i stadslekparken. Inventeringar av platsens förutsättningar samt struktur- och SWOT-analyser har varit viktiga för att bedöma Boulognerskogens potential att bli en stadslekpark. Efter att ha genomfört analyser och pratat med barn och vuxna som använder platsen, har jag kommit fram till att Boulognerskogen kan bli en trevlig och bra plats för en stadslekpark. I programmet har utgångspunkten varit att skapa miljöer som stimulerar barnens egna lekar samt främjar samvaro för barn och vuxna där hänsyn tas även till de funktionshindrades behov. Även om stadslekparken huvudsakligen riktar sig till yngre barn och vuxna i deras sällskap finns det plats för andra människor och deras aktiviteter. Många av de synpunkter som lämnats av barn och vuxna finns med i gestaltningsprogrammet. I stadslekparken kan barnen göra flera olika saker t.ex. leka med sand, snö och vatten, smyga i busklabyrint, åka skridskor, leka med naturmaterial och med lekredskap. Ett café och grillplatser skapar mötesplatser där barn och vuxna kan umgås. Genom valet av metoder har ett program kunnat presenteras som finner stöd i forskningen kring barns utomhuslek, platsens förutsättningar och användarnas önskemål

Humor och feministisk aktivism i litteratur och andra medier

Bianca Kronlöf debuterade nyligen som författare med ett feministiskt manifest mot mäns våld. Även om hennes verk är ett bidrag till samhällsdebatten, visar det tydligt fram drag av Kronlöfs humor. Liv Strömquist är känd för sin feministiska satir i form av grafiska romaner, i vilka hon sammanställer humor och bitande feministisk kritik med historiska, filosofiska och sociologiska teorier. I min artikel undersöker jag det specifikt feministiska i deras humor och hur de använder sig av den för att främja sina (feministiska) mål. Jag kommer även att besvara frågan om humor är ett adekvat verktyg för feministisk aktivism. Medan nya studier i feministisk teori uppmärksammar vikten av feministisk humor i skämt, stand-up och i litterära verk, finns det ännu inte många studier av grafiska romaner. Genom att särskilt fokusera på sådana mindre utforskade medier och aktivisters kombination av olika medier, kommer jag att visa hur dessa kulturella praktiker är särskilt lämpliga för mångtydiga artikulationer och mångbottnade uttryck av feministiska idéer

Social structure and dominance in dogs

The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is the first species ever domesticated. They can develop a close bond towards other dogs, almost like a relationship among siblings, which can be a high valuable resource for good relations and cooperation’s. Dominance in dogs is sometimes used to explain undesired behaviors and explained as a personality trait. Dominance though, is not a trait in a dog or a source for undesired behaviors, but can rather be explained as a relationship between individuals, were one of them receives more submissive signals from the other. A dog’s social status is not permanent and can change in different groups of dogs, because the social status depends on how many submissive interactions the individual receives from others. Older individuals receive more submissive signals and are more often seen in a high social status position, why the social status appears to be related to age. Dominance is most often displayed when a dog returns to the group after being separated, and then receives submissive signals from conspecifics. Interestingly, dominance appears without aggression contrary to what sometimes is used when training dogs showing undesired behaviors such as aggression. When aggression is displayed among dogs, it is because there is competition about recourses such as food. Despite competitive situations, aggression is not a winning strategy. Dogs seem to behave carefully when around individuals expressing agonistic behavior, why aggression is not an advantage. Similar to the dog, the wolf does not have a permanent social status either. In the wolf pack, the breeding pair works as a family mum and dad and nor in this composition aggression has been observed to contain social status. Dogs use almost their entire body when communicating with conspecifics. The ears, nose, body posture, tail, lips and eyes are all parts of their signaling system. But dogs’ morphology can complicate the signaling and receiving of signals between individuals resulting in conflicts between them caused by confusion. Long hair over their eyes and face can confuse other dogs by making it hard for them to determine the dog’s attention and signals. The result of this literature study can be a valuable resource when educating dog owners how to handle their dog and avoid fear aggression and aggression as self-defense, caused by wrong training methods when working with undesired behaviors. That by the information about dominance in dog and that it is not about being hard and aggressive, but that individual that dogs want to follow. The information by the result can be used when holding groups of dogs as well. That by creating groups with the best conditions for good relations among the dogs

Människans inverkan på hundar – och hur det kan påverka arbetet inom djursjukvården

The aim of this study was to describe how body language of humans affects the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and how it can be implanted in the stressed situation that occur at an animal hospital. The subject is brought to notice because the author has experienced that dogs can get more stressed when a stressed and nervous owner is attending. Humans affect each other through posture, facial expression, voice and movement, and are often driven by their emotions, which can differentiate the verbal communication from the non-verbal communication. This occurs both consciously and unconsciously. Every human uses body language but not everyone knows how it is used or how to understand it. All humans have a unique way of talking, walking, standing, sitting and lying down. Everyone has his/her own rhythm and this makes it possible to recognize one another from a far distance. The eyes are also important when getting to know a person. They can often tell you about those feelings that a person is trying to hide. The personal distance to other people depends on how well you know the person, but also of the personality of the receiving person. The same can be said about physical touch from another human being. Occasionally humans misunderstand each other, verbally or non-verbally. It can occur because words or gestures have different meanings to different people. Canine communication is affected by the entire body, from motion and olfaction to vision and hearing. The communication originate from the ancestor; the wolf (Canis lupus), but since then the domestication parts of the communication within the species has changed. A dominant dog has a high standing, with head and tail high and ears erected forward. Submissive dogs crouch, trying to make themselves as small as possible. Vocalization occurs in a wide range of situations with different meanings. The olfactory sense is one of the canines’ sharpest senses and an important part of communication. The relationship between humans and canines depends grossly of the expectations the human has on the dog. This relationship has been going on for several years and it is reasonable to believe that the close contact with humans has affected the canine behavior. Canines have learned to read and understand the human body language. Studies have shown that canines look at humans for comfort and safety in situations of stress, but no earlier studies have been done to investigate how the consequence of a stressed owner affects the dog. This work concludes that further scientific studies and research need to determine whether stressed owners cause increased levels of stress among dogs, or if a calm and secure owner will bring safety to a nervous dog

Hvilke refleksjoner gjør to barnehagelærere seg om rolleleken som en del av barnehagens språkmiljø?

Det er tirsdag morgen, og inne på storbarnsavdelingen Maurtua leker en liten gruppe barn familie. Adnan og Maria (begge 5 år) er foreldrene i familien. Ole (4 år) er lillebror, mens Sara (6 år) er storesøster. Jens (5 år) er familiens hund. Sara instruerer ivrig planene for hva som skal foregå: «Først så er dere på jobb, så kom dere hjem og da er hunden syk så da må den til dyrlegen! Da blir vi lei oss ...». De andre lytter konsentrert, men kommer også med små innspill. Etter at situasjonen er satt og rollene er inntatt, kan leken begynne. Denne praksisfortellingen viser en typisk leksituasjon som forekommer i mange norske barnehager hver eneste dag. Rolleleken; en fantasiverden hvor både magiske ting kan skje, men også hverdagslige erfaringer kan utspilles. Selv om leken har vært en av grunnelementene i den norske barnehage siden tidenes morgen, har forholdet mellom lek og læring de siste årene vært oppe til stadig diskusjon. I 2016 oppsto det debatter i barnehagesektoren da Regjeringen la frem stortingsmelding nr.19 (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2015-2016). Her ble det vektlagt standardiserte opplegg og læringsmål, og det ble pekt mot en ønsket utvikling av barnehagen som kunne minne mer om den norske skole.publishedVersio

Hälsostatus hos katter på svenska äldreboenden

Användning av terapidjur är vanligt förekommande inom äldrevården. Idag används katter som terapidjur inom både vård och omsorg för att ge mentalt och socialt stöd. Katt är ett av de vanligaste djuren som bor på äldreboenden och dess närvaro har visat sig bidra med stora hälsoeffekter hos de äldre som t.ex. bättre allmänhälsa, minskade stressnivåer och ökade sociala interaktioner. Undersökningar visar alltså att katter på äldreboenden bidrar med påtagliga hälsoeffekter men få studier har gjorts med fokus på kattens välbefinnande. I detta examensarbete har 18 katters välbefinnande på 13 äldreboenden i Västra Götaland, Stockholm och Uppsala län undersökts genom intervjuer, kliniska undersökningar av katterna samt observationsstudier av hälften av dem. Sammanfattningsvis verkar de flesta katter på äldreboenden relativt friska utan större tecken på allvarliga hälsoproblem. En önskvärd förbättring kan göras gällande fetma och munhygien. Av katterna i studien var 35 % överviktiga och 63 % hade måttligt till kraftigt med tandsten. Att ha en eller ett par personer som har yttersta ansvaret för katten hade kunnat bidra till bättre rutiner både gällande skötsel och eventuell veterinärvård. Trots flera personer i rörelse upplevdes katterna trygga i sin miljö och ingen katt visade rädsla eller aggression under beteendestudien. I princip alla katter levde i en sådan miljö att det fanns möjlighet för dem att utföra ett naturligt beteende. För att få en uppfattning om katters hälsostatus på äldreboenden i hela Sverige hade ett större antal katter behövts i studien från alla delar av Sverige. Det hade även varit önskvärt att göra beteendestudier på katter som bor i de boendes lägenheter.The use of animals for therapeutic benefits is common in the elderly care. Today, cats are used in different areas of human health for mental and social therapeutic treatment. Cats are one of the most common animals in nursing homes for the elderly and its presence has shown great health effects in the elderly, such as better overall health, lower stress levels and more social interactions. Studies shows that cats in elderly homes results in big health effects but few studies are focusing on the cats well being. In this master thesis, cats well-being has been investigated by interviews, clinical examinations and behavioural observations in Västra Götaland, Stockholm and Uppsala county. There were 13 nursing homes and 18 cats participated in the study. To sum up, this thesis shows that most cats in nursing homes seem to be quite healthy, without signs of severe health problems. Desirable improvements could be done to mitigate current obesity and oral health problems, 35% of the cats in this study suffered from overweight and 63% had moderate to severe tartar. Better routines and possible veterinary care can probably be achieved if one or two persons have the ultimate responsibility for the cats. Despite several people living and working in the homes, the cats seemed to be comfortable in the surroundings and no cat showed fear or anger during the behavioural observation. In essence, all cats could accomplish a natural behaviour in their living areas. However, to get a real estimation about cats well being in the geriatric care in the whole country of Sweden, a bigger amount of cats, from all different parts of Sweden, should be studied. It would also have been good to perform behavioural observations on all cats, even those who lived in the elderly’s own apartments

Hvordan kan barnehagelæreren bidra til at de eldste barna i barnehagen opplever bevegelsesglede på tur

Vi lever i et samfunn hvor den generelle fysiske helsen til folket har blitt dårligere. Kvam (2019) refererer til Helsedirektoratets tall fra 2018 når det sies at det bare er en tredjedel av befolkningen som overholder anbefalingen om å ha et moderat aktivitetsnivå i minimum 30 minutter per dag. Inaktivitet blir i dag sett på som en av de største helseutfordringene for fremtiden. Det kan være mange negative konsekvenser- både psykisk, fysisk og sosialt (Kvam, 2019). For barn fra 5 år og oppover er det anbefalt å være i moderat- til høyintensitet lek i minst 60 minutter daglig. I tillegg bør aktiviteter hvor man sitter stille reduseres. Haga (2018) sier at man har sett tendenser til fysisk inaktivitet og en økende forekomst av overvekt hos barn i fra 5 år og oppover (s.271). Ved å ha et positivt forhold til bevegelse i tidlig alder, vil det være sannsynlig at man også senere i livet finner glede i å bevege seg. Det er gjennom lek og moro at barn beveger seg. Når barna er 4-5 år tenker de ikke at de må bevege på seg fordi de må miste noen kilo. De gjør det fordi det er gøy og det gir en god følelse. Derfor er lek helt sentralt når jeg skal få svar på min problemstilling: hvordan kan barnehagelæreren bidra til at de eldste barna i barnehagen opplever bevegelsesglede på tur.publishedVersio

En oppgave om barnehagens uteområder

Problemstilling: Er det forskjell i barns fysiske lek i barnehager med ulikt uteområde?bachelor-v201

Hvordan møter barnehagen barnas ulike behov for risikofylt lek?

Problemstilling: Hvordan møter barnehagen barnas ulike behov for risikofylt lek?bachelor-v201