121,157 research outputs found
Lunar igneous intrusions
Lunar igneous intrusions revealed from Apollo 10 and 11 flight photograph
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Unlabeled Data Using Clustering
Intrusions pose a serious security risk in a network environment. New intrusion types, of which detection systems are unaware, are the most difficult to detect. The amount of available network audit data instances is usually large; human labeling is tedious, time-consuming, and expensive. Traditional anomaly detection algorithms require a set of purely normal data from which they train their model. We present a clustering-based intrusion detection algorithm, unsupervised anomaly detection, which trains on unlabeled data in order to detect new intrusions. Our method is able to detect many different types of intrusions, while maintaining a low false positive rate as verified over the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - KDD CUP 1999 dataset
Surprising simplicity in the modeling of dynamic granular intrusion
Granular intrusions, such as dynamic impact or wheel locomotion, are complex
multiphase phenomena where the grains exhibit solid-like and fluid-like
characteristics together with an ejected gas-like phase. Despite decades of
modeling efforts, a unified description of the physics in such intrusions is as
yet unknown. Here we show that a continuum model based on the simple notions of
frictional flow and tension-free separation describes complex granular
intrusions near free surfaces. This model captures dynamics in a variety of
experiments including wheel locomotion, plate intrusions, and running legged
robots. The model reveals that three effects (a static contribution and two
dynamic ones) primarily give rise to intrusion forces in such scenarios.
Identification of these effects enables the development of a further
reduced-order technique (Dynamic Resistive Force Theory) for rapid modeling of
granular locomotion of arbitrarily shaped intruders. The continuum-motivated
strategy we propose for identifying physical mechanisms and corresponding
reduced-order relations has potential use for a variety of other materials.Comment: 41 pages including supplementary document, 10 figures, and 8 vide
Risk of root intrusion by tree and shrub species into sewer pipes in Swedish urban areas
Blockages in sewer pipes caused by roots are very common and several tree and shrub species are reported to be particularly likely to cause root intrusion. This study examined the relative ability of roots of different species to intrude into urban sewer pipes.
Data on root-intruded pipes and the woody plants surrounding these pipes were collected from two Swedish cities, Malmö and Skövde. Plant material, location data and closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections on root-intruded pipes with a total length of 33.7 km, containing 2180 different points of root intrusion, were examined. An inventory of 4107 woody plants was compiled.
The results showed that broad-leaved trees dominated as a cause of root intrusion, but that conifers and a number of shrubs, e.g. the genera Ligustrum, Spiraea and Syringa, were also likely to have caused root intrusion. Malus floribunda Van Houtte was found to have the highest mean share of root intrusions per estimated number of pipe joints when all joints and all root intrusions within a 10 m radius from trees were calculated (0.694, maximum number of intrusions per joint 1.0), while Populus canadensis ‘Robusta’ Moench had the second highest, with 0.456 intrusions per estimated joint. However, other Malus and Populus species and cultivars had a much lower mean share of root intrusions.
Most species seemed capable of causing root intrusion, and not only species of the genera Populus and Salix that were previously seen as the species most likely to cause damage to stormwater and sewer systems. There were differences in the frequency of joint intrusion by roots of different species, but the reasons for these differences were not identified and further research in the area is needed
Emotional and behavioral reaction to intrusive thoughts.
A self-report measure of the emotional and behavioral reactions to intrusive thoughts was developed. The article presents data that confirm the stability, reliability, and validity of the new seven-item measure. Emotional and behavioral reactions to intrusions emerged as separate factors on the Emotional and Behavioral Reactions to Intrusions Questionnaire (EBRIQ), a finding confirmed by an independent stress study. Test-retest reliability over 30 to 70 days was good. Expected relationships with other constructs were significant. Stronger negative responses to intrusions were associated with lower mindfulness scores and higher ratings of experiential avoidance, thought suppression, and intensity and frequency of craving. The EBRIQ will help explore differences in reactions to intrusive thoughts in clinical and nonclinical populations, and across different emotional and behavioral states. It will also be useful in assessing the effects of therapeutic approaches such as mindfulness
Dynamical approach to the Casimir effect
Casimir forces can appear between intrusions placed in different media driven
by several fluctuation mechanisms, either in equilibrium or out of it. Herein,
we develop a general formalism to obtain such forces from the dynamical
equations of the fluctuating medium, the statistical properties of the driving
noise, and the boundary conditions of the intrusions (which simulate the
interaction between the intrusions and the medium). As a result, an explicit
formula for the Casimir force over the intrusions is derived. This formalism
contains the thermal Casimir effect as a particular limit and generalizes the
study of the Casimir effect to such systems through their dynamical equations,
with no appeal to their Hamiltonian, if any exists. In particular, we study the
Casimir force between two infinite parallel plates with Dirichlet or Neumann
boundary conditions, immersed in several media with finite correlation lengths
(reaction--diffusion system, liquid crystals, and two coupled fields with
non-Hermitian evolution equations). The driving Gaussian noises have vanishing
or finite spatial or temporal correlation lengths; in the first case,
equilibrium is reobtained and finite correlations produce nonequilibrium
dynamics. The results obtained show that, generally, nonequilibrium dynamics
leads to Casimir forces, whereas Casimir forces are obtained in equilibrium
dynamics if the stress tensor is anisotropic.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Magmatic intrusions control Io's crustal thickness
Io, the most volcanically active body in the solar system, loses heat through
eruptions of hot lava. Heat is supplied by tidal heating and is thought to be
transferred through the mantle by magmatic segregation, a mode of transport
that sets it apart from convecting terrestrial planets. We present a model that
couples magmatic transport of tidal heat to the volcanic system in the crust,
in order to determine the controls on crustal thickness, magmatic intrusions,
and eruption rates. We demonstrate that magmatic intrusions are a key component
of Io's crustal heat balance; around 80% of the magma delivered to the base of
the crust must be emplaced and frozen as plutons to match rough estimates of
crustal thickness. As magma ascends from a partially molten mantle into the
crust, a decompacting boundary layer forms, which can explain inferred
observations of a high-melt-fraction region.Comment: Accepted to JGR:Planets. 24 pages inc appendices and references. 7
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Alteration and Oxidiation of an Olivine Lamprophyre Dike from Southern Utah, USA: An Analog for Mars
We report on oxidized basaltic dike intrusions on the Colorado Plateau as analog for Martian basalt oxidation
Emplacement of sandstone intrusions during contractional tectonics
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the support of sponsoring companies of Phase 3 of the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG). We are very grateful to John Waldron and Jessica Ross for the constructive reviews of the manuscript. We also wish to thank and acknowledge the continuing help and access provided by the Bureau of Land Management.Peer reviewedPostprin
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