インフォームド・コンセントの５０年

インフォームド・コンセント（IC）は，医療の選択肢について，必要・十分な説明（情報）が与えられた場合，それをよく理解した上で，自主的に意思決定し，選択することができる患者の権利である。はじめて1957年に米国の医療過誤裁判の中で紹介され，やがて法原則として確認・確立された。その後，法的原則としてだけでなく，医療・生命倫理原理としても確認され，患者の権利章典や医療・保健専門職の行動原理となった。倫理原理としては医療の選択肢の提案を患者が一方的に選ぶのではなく，医療・保健専門職と患者が質疑応答しつつ共同で選び，結果責任をも共有するという考えかたが正しいとされるようになった。法原則は1回限りの署名で医療行為を正当化できると考えるのに対し，倫理的には，専門職は裁量権を行使せず，医療行為のプロセスを通じて患者とともにIC を確かめあい，情報と意思決定の共有により，より開かれた医療が実現する，と考えられている。特別寄稿Special Contributio

Informed Consent Without Autonomy

This Essay explains why and how the Roman Catholic basis for informed consent is different from the secular basis. It argues that the Catholic basis, which is rooted in natural law, is the better model for society to adopt. The author explains that the secular view is rooted in the belief that patient autonomy must never be violated but the Catholic view is based on human dignity, which simply requires doctors to allow patients to exercise their free will within moral limits. This view allows doctors to override patients\u27 decisions if those decisions are morally wrong or irrational

Informed Consent Without Autonomy

This Essay explains why and how the Roman Catholic basis for informed consent is different from the secular basis. It argues that the Catholic basis, which is rooted in natural law, is the better model for society to adopt. The author explains that the secular view is rooted in the belief that patient autonomy must never be violated but the Catholic view is based on human dignity, which simply requires doctors to allow patients to exercise their free will within moral limits. This view allows doctors to override patients\u27 decisions if those decisions are morally wrong or irrational

Informed Consent and Dual Purpose Research

The ethical treatment of human participants in psychological research is regulated by both federal guidelines and the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association (APA). Under certain circumstances, however, both APA standards and federal regulations allow for exceptions for informed consent. In spite of the possibility of exception, a number of factors have made it difficult to conduct and publish research that does not incorporate informed consent. The authors consider these factors and propose 2 approaches that may reduce reluctance to consider exceptions to informed consent under appropriate circumstances. First, journals should not rely on informed consent as the only method of screening research for the ethical treatment of human participants. Second, efforts must be made to work with institutional review boards and other units that review psychological research to ensure that their members are aware of the conditions under which informed consent is considered reasonable. Failure to consider ethical research without informed consent may have serious ethical consequences for research

Reviving Informed Consent: Using Risk Perception in Clinical Trials

The current doctrine of informed consent falls far short of its potential to serve as a valuable safeguard for human research subjects. Instead of providing a channel of communication between physician and subject, informed consent is a lifeless entity responsible for a large portion of the misunderstanding existing between these parties. Acknowledging risk perception principles may help transform the informed consent process into an effective communication of health risks

An Empirical Analysis of the Medical Informed Consent Doctrine: Search for a Standard of Disclosure

Informed consent and its conceptual equivalents, e.g., right-to-know, are increasingly important. The author discusses the development of the informed consent doctrine in tort cases and attempts to evaluate the consistency of its application. He concludes that it is difficult to separate that which must be disclosed from that which need not be. He also argues that much remains to be done in achieving the objectives of the informed consent doctrine

Informed consent

La profesión de odontólogo se ejerce a través de numerosos actos que requieren de la responsabilidad del profesional, relacionado con distintos problemas que ocurren en el quehacer diario en relación a la aprobación por parte del paciente. El consentimiento informado constituye un acto jurídico que debe reunir características propias.The dental profession is exercised through numerous events that require professional responsibility, related to different problems that happen in daily life in relation to the approval of the patient. Informed consent is a legal act that must meet characteristics.Fil: Gonzalez, Silvia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontologí