Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks based on Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband

This paper describes a detailed performance evaluation of distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks based on Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) Physical layer (PHY). Two main classes of Medium Access Control protocol have been considered: Slotted and UnSlotted with reliability. The reliability is based on Automatic Repeat ReQuest (ARQ). The performance evaluation is performed using a complete Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) simulator built on the Global Mobile Information System Simulator (GloMoSim). The optimal operating parameters are first discussed for IR-UWB in terms of slot size, retransmission delay and the number of retransmission, then a comparison between IR-UWB and other transmission techniques in terms of reliability latency and power efficiency

Energy Detection based Blind Synchronization for Pulse Shape Modulated IR-UWB Systems

International audienceSynchronization is a key performance-limiting factor in any communication system and a challenging task to accomplish. In this paper, an energy detection based non dataaided (NDA) algorithm for orthogonal pulse shape modulated (PSM) impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) system is proposed. Relying on unique signal structure, simple overlap-add operation followed by energy detection enables synchronization. The algorithm remains functional under practical scenarios i.e. in the presence of inter-frame and inter-symbol interference (IFI & ISI) and with M-ary modulation. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithm

Design and Implementation of a Low‐Power Wireless Respiration Monitoring Sensor

Wireless devices for monitoring of respiration activities can play a major role in advancing modern home-based health care applications. Existing methods for respiration monitoring require special algorithms and high precision filters to eliminate noise and other motion artifacts. These necessitate additional power consuming circuitry for further signal conditioning. This dissertation is particularly focused on a novel approach of respiration monitoring based on a PVDF-based pyroelectric transducer. Low-power, low-noise, and fully integrated charge amplifiers are designed to serve as the front-end amplifier of the sensor to efficiently convert the charge generated by the transducer into a proportional voltage signal. To transmit the respiration data wirelessly, a lowpower transmitter design is crucial. This energy constraint motivates the exploration of the design of a duty-cycled transmitter, where the radio is designed to be turned off most of the time and turned on only for a short duration of time. Due to its inherent duty-cycled nature, impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter is an ideal candidate for the implementation of a duty-cycled radio. To achieve better energy efficiency and longer battery lifetime a low-power low-complexity OOK (on-off keying) based impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter is designed and implemented using standard CMOS process. Initial simulation and test results exhibit a promising advancement towards the development of an energy-efficient wireless sensor for monitoring of respiration activities

Optical generation of IR-UWB pulse based on weighted sum of modified doublets

We propose a relatively simple optical generation concept for impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) pulse over fiber transmission using a weighted sum of a modified doublet with its inverted and delayed version. The generated pulses not only fi4ly comply with the FCC spectral mask but also are highly power efficient in the available spectrum. We verified our approach using both simulation and experimental demonstration. The concept has a potential to be integrated with other optical functions on a compact optical chip, making it very suitable for wide UWB deployment for highspeed wireless access at low costfor in-building network applications

Impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) pulse generator in CMOS technology

Impulsni generator predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih delova bežičnog primopredajnika. Pored toga što treba da generiše signal čiji spektar zadovoljava odgovarajuću spektralnu masku, generator treba da bude što jednostavniji, zauzima malu površinu i ima malu potrošnju. Naučni doprinos ove doktorske disertacije predstavlja sedam novih konfiguracija ultra-širokopojasnih impulsnih generatora projektovanih u CMOS tehnologiji, od kojih su tri fabrikovane u 0,18 μm UMC CMOS procesu. Prvi dizajn je zasnovan na principu kombinovanja kratkotrajnih impulsa, sledeća tri sadrže ring oscilator, naredna dva impulsna generatora koriste princip filtriranja, dok poslednje novo rešenje obezbeđuje BPSK kodovanje korišćenjem dva ring oscilatora.Pulse generator is one of the most important parts of a wireless transceiver. Besides generating a signal which spectrum has to satisfy corresponding spectral mask, the pulse generator should have topology as simple as possible, consume low power and occupy low die-area. Scientific contribution of this dissertation are seven novel IR-UWB pulse generator architectures designed in CMOS technology of which three are fabricated in 0.18 μm UMC CMOS process. The first design is based on combining very short pulses, the next three contain a ring oscillator topology followed by two pulse generators that use the filtering approach, while the last new solution enables BPSK modulation by employing two ring oscillator topologies

Impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) pulse generator in CMOS technology

Impulsni generator predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih delova bežičnog primopredajnika. Pored toga što treba da generiše signal čiji spektar zadovoljava odgovarajuću spektralnu masku, generator treba da bude što jednostavniji, zauzima malu površinu i ima malu potrošnju. Naučni doprinos ove doktorske disertacije predstavlja sedam novih konfiguracija ultra-širokopojasnih impulsnih generatora projektovanih u CMOS tehnologiji, od kojih su tri fabrikovane u 0,18 μm UMC CMOS procesu. Prvi dizajn je zasnovan na principu kombinovanja kratkotrajnih impulsa, sledeća tri sadrže ring oscilator, naredna dva impulsna generatora koriste princip filtriranja, dok poslednje novo rešenje obezbeđuje BPSK kodovanje korišćenjem dva ring oscilatora.Pulse generator is one of the most important parts of a wireless transceiver. Besides generating a signal which spectrum has to satisfy corresponding spectral mask, the pulse generator should have topology as simple as possible, consume low power and occupy low die-area. Scientific contribution of this dissertation are seven novel IR-UWB pulse generator architectures designed in CMOS technology of which three are fabricated in 0.18 μm UMC CMOS process. The first design is based on combining very short pulses, the next three contain a ring oscillator topology followed by two pulse generators that use the filtering approach, while the last new solution enables BPSK modulation by employing two ring oscillator topologies

Optimal energy efficiency link adaptation in IEEE 802.15.6 IR-UWB body area networks

© 2014 IEEE. We propose a novel link adaptation mechanism to maximize energy efficiency in IEEE 802.15.6 impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) wireless body area networks (WBANs). We consider noncoherent energy detection and autocorrelation receivers, suitable for low complexity implementations. The amount of captured energy is first modeled for the on-body WBAN channel. Using our energy capture model and Gaussian approximations for the decision statistic, the error performance of various physical layer modes of the IEEE 802.15.6 standard is derived assuming intra-symbol interference. We refer to the IEEE 802.15.6 specification as a use case. The proposed adaptation scheme can be applied to any other IR-UWB system with noncoherent receivers and is based on the estimated signal to noise ratio and the channel's energy capture index for which we propose unbiased estimators

A Weighted Least Squares Consideration for IR-UWB Radar based Device-Free Object Positioning Estimation for Indoor Environment

Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radar is a type of radar functioning based on UWB transmission technology that uses an exceedingly wide bandwidth low power impulse signal to continuously transmitting and receiving the impulse signal for object detection within a range. To date, most of the proposed Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission technology-based object positioning estimation systems for indoor environment depends on objects to be attached with an active UWB devices. In certain circumstances, it is ideal to track objects in passive manner without the requirement of any attached tracking devices or device-free object positioning estimation. IRUWB radar has shown promising utilization in realizing device-free object positioning estimation for indoor environment. With this motivation, in this paper a work on weighted least squares consideration for IR-UWB radar-based device-free object positioning estimation for indoor environment is presented