Mobility: a double-edged sword for HSPA networks

This paper presents an empirical study on the performance of mobile High Speed Packet Access (HSPA, a 3.5G cellular standard) networks in Hong Kong via extensive field tests. Our study, from the viewpoint of end users, covers virtually all possible mobile scenarios in urban areas, including subways, trains, off-shore ferries and city buses. We have confirmed that mobility has largely negative impacts on the performance of HSPA networks, as fast-changing wireless environment causes serious service deterioration or even interruption. Meanwhile our field experiment results have shown unexpected new findings and thereby exposed new features of the mobile HSPA networks, which contradict commonly held views. We surprisingly find out that mobility can improve fairness of bandwidth sharing among users and traffic flows. Also the triggering and final results of handoffs in mobile HSPA networks are unpredictable and often inappropriate, thus calling for fast reacting fallover mechanisms. We have conducted in-depth research to furnish detailed analysis and explanations to what we have observed. We conclude that mobility is a double-edged sword for HSPA networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public report on a large scale empirical study on the performance of commercial mobile HSPA networks

Towards a deployment tool for wireless access networks with minimal power consumption

The power consumption of wireless access networks will become an important issue in the coming years. In this paper, the power consumption of base stations for mobile WiMAX, HSPA, and LTE is modelled. This power consumption is related to the coverage of the base station. The considered technologies are compared according to their energy efficiency for different bit rates at a bandwidth of 5 MHz. For this particular case and based on the assumptions of parameters of the specifications, HSPA is the least energy-efficient technology. Until a bit rate of 11 Mbps LTE is the most energy-efficient while for higher bit rates mobile WiMAX performs the best. Furthermore the influence of MIMO is investigated. A decrease of about 80% for mobile WiMAX and about 74% for HSPA and LTE for the power consumption per covered area is found for a 4*4 MIMO system compared to a SISO system. The introduction of MIMO has thus a positive influence on the energy efficiency of the considered technologies. The power consumption and coverage model for base stations is then used to develop a prediction tool for power consumption in wireless access networks

Reconfigurable Multi-Standard Uplink MIMO Receiver with Partial Interference Cancellation

As HSPA/HSPA+ and LTE/LTE-A evolve in parallel, the reconfigurability of a receiver to support multiple standards has become more and more important, especially for small cells. In this paper, we first suggest a reconfigurable multistandard uplink MIMO receiver based on a frequency domain equalizer. Then, to improve the performance, we propose two low-complexity partial iterative interference cancellation (IC) schemes to deal with the residual inter-chip and inter-antenna interference in HSPA/HSPA+ and the residual inter-symbol and inter-antenna interference in LTE/LTE-A. Compared with a receiver consisting of separate HSPA/HSPA+ and LTE/LTE-A uplink receivers, this reconfigurable receiver can save up to 66.9% complexity. Moreover, the two partial IC schemes have negligible performance loss compared with full IC scheme. They can achieve 2 dB gains in both standards with only 15.2% additional complexity to no IC scheme.Renesas MobileTexas InstrumentsXilinxSamsungHuaweiNational Science Foundatio

HORIZONTAL LOAD BALANCING USING FUZZY LOGIC AND LINK IMBALANCE

Data needs on cellular networks are increasing at this time, one of which is triggered by 4G LTE Long Term Evolution technology, enabling LTE technology to have dynamic frequency aggregation, and generally the use of LTE technology uses a lot of frequency resources used. But on one hand 3G HSPA technology users are still quite a lot and the use of frequency for 3G HSPA becomes increasingly limited due to frequency resources optimized for 4G LTE technology. HSPA Dual Band does offer advantage by doubling throughput speed up to 42 Mbps with two channel aggregation in different band but with HSPA Dual Band activation followed by addition of Uplink Load. Therefore to keep improving the performance of the HSPA network can be done by Load Balancing method that can direct and divide traffic so that it can reduce the problems for site conditions that do have load uplink that will increase after the activation of Dual Band HSPA. By using a load balancing method that takes into account the imbalance link, the uplink load condition that becomes down or worse after the Dual Band HSPA activation can be reduced and avoided so that with Dual Band HSPA activation it does not make the exiting network conditions worse. Keyword: Dual Band HSPA, Uplink Load, Load Balancing, Link Imbalance

Using HSPA to improve the telemedical links on a moving ambulance

As the demand for faster and more effective health care increases, there is a growing need to establish mobile, high-speed communications between a moving ambulance and a consultation point (usually a hospital). The recent addition of HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA) into the UMTS suite provides higher bandwidth and reduced delays, making this choice ideal for real-time telemedical applications. In this paper, we will describe a set of scenarios that took place in a typical large city area, along with their equivalent results: a moving ambulance was linked with a consultation station using HSPA and several videoconferencing sessions were initiated. Best-case, worst-case and average scenarios were recorded. Furthermore, in areas where the UMTS reception was marginal, a repeater was placed on top of the vehicle to boost up the signal power and thus maintain the higher bandwidth. Finally, treating doctors were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of this system’s outputs, based on a variety of objective and subjective criteria

Penggelaran Teknologi HSPA+ di Indonesia

Akses data kecepatan lebih tinggi melalui jalur nirkabel memungkinkan dilayani oleh teknologi High Speed Packet Access Evolved (HSPA+). HSPA+ mampu meningkatkan kemampuan broadband mobile dengan kecepatan data sampai 42 Mbps dengan latensi dan delay yang rendah . Kemampuan ini diperoleh dariadanya penambahan teknologi HOM (High Order Modulation), 2x2 MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) dan DTX / DRX (Discontinuous Transmissionand Reception) pada platform WCDMA. HSPA+ merupakan evolusi HSPAyang memungkinkan peningkatan upgrade dengan biaya relatif lebih rendah.Tulisan ini akan mendeskripsikan spesifikasi teknologi HSPA+ dan peluangnyayang cukup besar untuk digelar bagi peningkatan infrastruktur Information andCommunication Technology (ICT) di Indonesia

Saving Energy in Mobile Devices for On-Demand Multimedia Streaming -- A Cross-Layer Approach

This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient multimedia delivery system called EStreamer. First, we study the relationship between buffer size at the client, burst-shaped TCP-based multimedia traffic, and energy consumption of wireless network interfaces in smartphones. Based on the study, we design and implement EStreamer for constant bit rate and rate-adaptive streaming. EStreamer can improve battery lifetime by 3x, 1.5x and 2x while streaming over Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G respectively.Comment: Accepted in ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications (ACM TOMCCAP), November 201

Modelling the energy efficiency of microcell base stations

The power consumption of wireless access networks will become a major issue in the coming years. Therefore, it is important to have a realistic idea about the power consumption of each element in those access networks. In this paper, an energy efficiency model for microcell base stations is proposed. Based on this model, the energy efficiency of microcell base stations is compared for various wireless technologies, namely mobile WiMAX, HSPA and LTE. The power consumption of microcell base stations is about 70-77% lower than for macrocell base stations but a macrocell base station is more energy-efficient than a microcell base station for the same bit rates. However, for the considered case and assuming our parameters are correct, a reduction in power consumption can be obtained by using microcell base stations to fill coverage holes