Η συμβολή των σημασιολογικών χαρακτηριστικών στη μετάφραση: η περίπτωση των απλών λεξικών μονάδων

This study lies in the field of Computational Linguistics and is a part of a broader research project that aims to develop an analysis system of Modern Greek applied in translation. It is widely known that during the translation process, the structure both of the source and the target language should be taken into consideration. However, natural languages present various semantic and syntactic characteristics such as polysemy, multiword expressions, differences in meaning of words from singular to plural etc. which arise problems in translation and mostly in automatic/machine translation. In this paper, we focus on the polysemy of Greek simple nouns. In particular, we will study how semantic features that are added to the lemmas of electronic morphological dictionary of Modern Greek (DelasGR) could improve the results of the translation process. We will present the methodology and criteria according to which we add semantic features to the nouns and provide some representative examples of translations taken by the machine translation system Systran

Machine-made treatment of polysemy

It has been an empirical fact that almost all the words are polysemous. A standard dictionary such as the Petit Robert lists 60,000 entries which correspond to 300,000 meanings. Thus, in this particular dictionary one word is paired with five different senses on average. Moreover, what is being dealt with here is no more than a general reference work, designed for a daily use. It contains only most frequent and general items, but disregards all other available meanings. In what follows, contextual properties will be demonstrated to be able to set apart each instance of polysemy, thus offering an effectual tool likely to do away with ambiguities.It has been an empirical fact that almost all the words are polysemous. A standard dictionary such as the Petit Robert lists 60,000 entries which correspond to 300,000 meanings. Thus, in this particular dictionary one word is paired with five different senses on average. Moreover, what is being dealt with here is no more than a general reference work, designed for a daily use. It contains only most frequent and general items, but disregards all other available meanings. In what follows, contextual properties will be demonstrated to be able to set apart each instance of polysemy, thus offering an effectual tool likely to do away with ambiguities

Les classes d'objets

Le but de ce texte est de montrer que les contraintes syntaxiques permettent de mettre au point des classes sémantiques, appelées classes d'objets, qui constituent des ensembles disjoints et ont un caractère aussi reproductible que les descriptions syntaxiques. Une classe d'objets est un ensemble de substantifs, sémantiquement homogènes, qui détermine un emploi prédicatif donné. Cette définition implique que les classes d'objets ne sont pas des concepts sémantiques abstraits mais des entités construites sur des bases syntaxiques et déterminées par la signification des prédicats. Elles ne doivent pas être confondues avec des réseaux sémantiques qui n'ont aucune base syntaxique et qui sont, de ce fait, sans valeur opérationnelle sur le plan linguistique. Les classes d'objets permettent de séparer de façon précise les différents emplois de prédicats, de proposer des synonymes et des antonymes en contexte, de détecter de façon automatique les métaphores et les métonymies. Elles permettent en outre de rendre compte de la conjugaison des prédicats nominaux