Extreme Significant Wave Height of Western and Central Indonesian Seas and Its Correlation with ISO 19901-1:2015

Extreme significant wave height is a commonly used parameter for designing offshore structures. ISO provides general extreme significant wave height information of six ocean regions in the world, including the Southern East Asian Sea. However, for the case of Indonesia, ISO only includes the Natuna Sea region. One of the qualified datasets that provide significant wave height data for Indonesian seas is SEAFINE by Oceanweather, Inc. This dataset covers the western and middle part of Indonesia. We analyzed the SEAFINE significant wave height hindcast data in these regions to obtain the extreme values. Extreme significant wave height maps were then produced based on the analyzed data. For the purpose of validation, we compared the extreme value analysis result with ISO 19901-1:2015 in regions where SEAFINE and ISO data intersect. The comparison showed that the analysis result tends to give approximately 25% lower wave height for a 1-year return period compared to ISO 19901-1:2015 but agreement for a 100-year return period. The SEAFINE analysis result also shows agreement with previous studies in the Karimata Strait and the Java Sea

3D Photoionisation Modelling of NGC 6302

We present a three-dimensional photoionisation and dust radiative transfer model of NGC 6302, an extreme, high-excitation planetary nebula. We use the 3D photoionisation code Mocassin} to model the emission from the gas and dust. We have produced a good fit to the optical emission-line spectrum, from which we derived a density distribution for the nebula. A fit to the infrared coronal lines places strong constraints on the properties of the unseen ionising source. We find the best fit comes from using a 220,000 K hydrogen-deficient central star model atmosphere, indicating that the central star of this PN may have undergone a late thermal pulse. We have also fitted the overall shape of the ISO spectrum of NGC 6302 using a dust model with a shallow power-law size distribution and grains up to 1.0 micron in size. To obtain a good fit to the infrared SED the dust must be sufficiently recessed within the circumstellar disk to prevent large amounts of hot dust at short wavelengths, a region where the ISO spectrum is particularly lacking. These and other discoveries are helping to unveil many properties of this extreme object and trace it's evolutionary history.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; for the proceedings of "Asymmetric Planetary Nebuale IV," R. L. M. Corradi, A. Manchado, N. Soker ed

Mapping and candidate-gene screening of the novel Turnip mosaic virus resistance gene retr02 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

The extreme resistance to Turnip mosaic virus observed in the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) line, BP8407, is monogenic and recessive. Bulked segregant analysis was carried out to identify simple sequence repeat and Indel markers linked to this recessive resistance gene, termed recessive Turnip mosaic virus resistance 02 (retr02). Mapping of PCR-specific Indel markers on 239 individuals of a BP8407 × Ji Zao Chun F 2 population, located this resistance gene to a 0.9-cM interval between two Indel markers (BrID10694 and BrID101309) and in scaffold000060 or scaffold000104 on chromosome A04 of the B. rapa genome. Eleven eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and 14 eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) genes are predicted in the B. rapa genome. A candidate gene, Bra035393 on scaffold000104, was predicted within the mapped resistance locus. The gene encodes the eIF(iso)4E protein. Bra035393 was sequenced in BP8407 and Ji Zao Chun. A polymorphism (A/G) was found in exon 3 between BP8407 and Ji Zao Chun. This gene was analysed in four resistant and three susceptible lines. A correlation was observed between the amino acid substitution (Gly/Asp) in the eIF(iso)4E protein and resistance/susceptibility. eIF(iso)4E has been shown previously to interact with the TuMV genome-linked protein, VPg

Climate Change Impacts on the Bulk Power System: Assessing Vulnerabilities and Planning for Resilience

As the scale, speed, and implications of climate change come into focus, stakeholders in the electricity sector are finding it increasingly difficult to turn a blind eye. However, many have opted to attend to climate impacts in a piecemeal fashion, often merely responding to particular extreme events—or types of extreme events, such as coastal storms or floods—and failing to consider the larger phenomenon. This is true of the bulk power system (BPS) in regions overseen by Independent System Operators and Regional Transmission Organizations (collectively, ISO/RTOs), none of which have comprehensively assessed their systems’ vulnerabilities to climate change. This paper collects recent research highlighting the implications of climate change for the BPS and explains how ISO/RTOs can assess and respond to them

Corn price differentials in Tennessee, 1961 to 1968

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were particular patterns of geographical price differentials for com in Tennessee over time and to identify casual factors for price spreads. The period covered by the study was from 1961 to 1968, and secondary data were used in the analysis. A price mapping technique was employed whereby average annual and semi-annual county prices were mapped using seven price ranges— a four-cent price differential for each range. In addition, iso-price lines were fitted for four time periods—1961-62, 1963-65, 1966-68, and 1961-68. Iso-price lines for the chosen periods generally revealed the following geographical price patterns: Prices were lowest in Extreme West Tennessee and highest in the Central Basin (Midstate) and Extreme East Tennessee. Prices advanced from west to east reaching a high in the Central Basin; prices then declined slightly reaching a low in the Cumberland Plateau area; and thereafter prices advanced reaching a high in Extreme Northeast Tennessee. Price maps for the four time periods generally followed the same price patterns and iso-price lines encompassed approximately the same general geographical area. Important factors contributing to geographical price variations in Tennessee were found to be areas of surplus or deficit production, intrastate and interstate transportation costs, and the presence of grain elevators in the state. Lower prices in Extreme West Tennessee could be accounted for chiefly by the joint effects of surplus production and low transportation costSc Corn prices in the area between Memphis and Nashville were regulated by lower prices in Extreme West Tennessee and higher prices in Nashville. Corn prices in Middle Tennessee were attributed to transportation costs and the added expense of services from grain elevators in the area. Lower prices in the Cumberland Plateau area relative to adjacent areas were attributed to savings in elevator fees. The uniform advancement in prices from the Cumberland Plateau area to Extreme East Tennessee was the result of higher transfer costs, deficit com production and a rather uniform distribution of grain handling facilities

A population of extreme mid-to-near-infrared sources: obscured AGN and dusty starbursts

We present a sample of mid-infrared detected sources from the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) regions characterised by strong mid-IR radiation with faint near-IR and optical counterparts. These extreme mid-to-near-IR objects (EMNOs) are defined here by a flux ratio of f_15um / f_2.2um > 25. This population is not obvious in deeper small area ISO surveys, though it produces more than 20% of the observed cosmic IR background radiation (CIRB) at 15um above 1 mJy. Near-future large area deep mid-IR surveys with the Spitzer Space Telescope, however, are bound to uncover large amounts of these objects, which we argue to most likely be obscured AGN, based on SED shapes and X-ray data. Very strong dusty starbursts at z>1 may also have high mid-to-near-IR flux ratios, but using the MIR/NIR and FIR/MIR ratios these may be separated. Most of our EMNOs appear to be ULIRGs, half are also extremely red objects (ERO). A curious case of a low redshift, less luminous object with a very young stellar population is also found. We predict that the simple broad band selection method makes EMNOs a useful window into high-redshift obscured nuclear activity and its sought after relation to star-formation, in a similar way that EROs have been used to define samples of high-redshift early type galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. A&A accepted version. Results unchanged but discussion is significantly expande

The number of independent sets in a graph with small maximum degree

Let ${\rm ind}(G)$ be the number of independent sets in a graph $G$. We show that if $G$ has maximum degree at most $5$ then $${\rm ind}(G) \leq 2^{{\rm iso}(G)} \prod_{uv \in E(G)} {\rm ind}(K_{d(u),d(v)})^{\frac{1}{d(u)d(v)}}$$ (where $d(\cdot)$ is vertex degree, ${\rm iso}(G)$ is the number of isolated vertices in $G$ and $K_{a,b}$ is the complete bipartite graph with $a$ vertices in one partition class and $b$ in the other), with equality if and only if each connected component of $G$ is either a complete bipartite graph or a single vertex. This bound (for all $G$) was conjectured by Kahn. A corollary of our result is that if $G$ is $d$-regular with $1 \leq d \leq 5$ then $${\rm ind}(G) \leq \left(2^{d+1}-1\right)^\frac{|V(G)|}{2d},$$ with equality if and only if $G$ is a disjoint union of $V(G)/2d$ copies of $K_{d,d}$. This bound (for all $d$) was conjectured by Alon and Kahn and recently proved for all $d$ by the second author, without the characterization of the extreme cases. Our proof involves a reduction to a finite search. For graphs with maximum degree at most $3$ the search could be done by hand, but for the case of maximum degree $4$ or $5$, a computer is needed.Comment: Article will appear in {\em Graphs and Combinatorics

Shortcomings of international standard iso 9223 for the classification, determination, and estimation of atmosphere corrosivities in subtropical archipelagic conditions—The case of the Canary Islands (Spain)

grant ProID2017010042The classification, assessment, and estimation of the atmospheric corrosivity are fixed by the ISO 9223 standard. Its recent second edition introduced a new corrosivity category for extreme environments CX, and defined mathematical models that contain dose–response functions for normative corrosivity estimations. It is shown here that application of the ISO 9223 standard to archipelagic subtropical areas exhibits major shortcomings. Firstly, the corrosion rates of zinc and copper exceed the range employed to define the CX category. Secondly, normative corrosivity estimation would require the mathematical models to be redefined introducing the time of wetness and a new set of operation constants.publishersversionpublishe