A comprehensive overview on Kratom

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) is a tropical tree, indigenous to South East Asia. Historically, the plant is locally used as a stimulant, a remedy in traditional medicine and in social context. Imported to Western countries, Kratom is classified as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS). A systematic review of the literature on Mitragyna speciosa and its main constituents was carried by our international multidisciplinary group. Results were qualitatively analysed in three main areas of interest: in-vitro and preclinical data on pharmacology and behavioral effects, laboratoristic techniques for identification/characterization, epidemiological/toxicological reports on humans. At present, there is no systematic data on the prevalence of Kratom use in all the native countries, but it seems to be considerable. In South-East Asia, Kratom, even if banned, might be still considered a better option than other illicit drugs, an alternative opioid treatment, a “natural” remedy with no real social stigma attached to its consumption. In parallel, this ethno-drug seems to be popular in Western countries, largely unregulated, easily available on the Internet. Kratom pharmacology appears to be complex, with many alkaloids involved. The subjective effects in humans are very peculiar and seem to be dose-dependent, ranging from psycho-stimulant to sedative-narcotic. Available data on Kratom suggest caution: this psychoactive plant could exhibit a serious harmful potential. Kratom use seems to be associated with drug dependency, development of withdrawal symptoms, craving, serious adverse effects and life-threatening effects in a multidrug-intoxicating scenario. On the other hand, its anxyiolitic, antidepressant and analgesic properties deserve to be further studied

ROSACEOSES AND DEMODICOSIS – COMBINED (CLINICALLY ASSOCIATED) DERMATOSES?

The subject of the study – rosacea and demodicosis. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effect of the clinical association of demodicosis and rosacea on the mutual course of these dermatoses. Materials of the analysis are given, which testifies to the disputability of assigning Demodex ticks to the etiological causes of rosacea. At the same time, in cases of their increased activity as a result of various reasons that are important for the pathogenesis of rosacea, the course of this dermatosis is complicated.Keywords: rosacea, demodicosis, clinical associations

STEROID HORMONE DYSREGULATORY OF ROSACEA: Part I

The subject of the study – rosacea. The aim of the work is to clarify the ways of influence of dysregulatory steroid hormonal mechanisms on the stages of rosacea development. The data that indicate a certain stage of inclusion of different ways of responding to physiological or pathological hormonal changes of steroid sex and non-sex ovarian hormones in relation to: mechanisms of their production rate, discrete secretion, cascade involvement of neurosecretes of protein and peptide nature (neurotransmitters and, target organs, which affects the clinical manifestations of different stages of dermatosis.Keywords: rosacea, steroid hormones (sexual and asexual), neurotransmitters

ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROSACEA SPECIAL FEMALE GENITAL CENTER: Part I

The subject of the study – rosacea. The aim of the work is to determine the possibility of considering the presence of a special female sexual center as a regulator of initial and subsequent pathophysiological changes in rosacea. The data show the relationship between regulatory molecular compounds of the hypothalamus (liberins, statins, releasing factors), pituitary gland (tropical hormones), ovaries (steroid sex hormones and non-steroidal compounds), which in the case of disorders of any of the These levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis involve the molecular functional systems of other centers of the nervous and endocrine systems to overcome them. Given the clinical data on the close relationship of manifestations in women with sexual hormonal disorders, there are grounds for objectifying the presence of a functional regulatory sexual center in them.Keywords: rosacea, centers of the nervous and endocrine systems, dyshormonal sexual disorders

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE KINETICS OF CELL POPULATIONS OF THE POLYSEBATION COMPLEX IN ROSACEA

The subject of the study – rosacea. The purpose of the work is the analysis of data on the clinical value of the kinetics of cells of the pilosebation complex of the skin of the face with rosacea. Own data of examination of two groups of women with rosacea patients (younger and older) are presented, as well as an analysis of modern literature, a comparison of which allows us to conclude that there are different reasons for the pustulation of rashes in the pilosebial region in different age categories of patients and the value of the kinetics of various cell populations of this complex in the development of the complicated course of the disease.Keywords: pyogenization of rosacea, pilosebation complex of the facial skin of women

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF VEGETATIVE-VASCULAR REACTIONS IN ROSACEA TIDES: Part I

The subject of the study – rosacea tides. The purpose of the work – based on the analysis of current data to provide information about the importance of regulatory effects of the autonomic nervous system on the occurrence of hot flashes in rosacea. The data that indicate the importance of dysregulatory mechanisms at different levels of the autonomic nervous system in the development of rosacea, due to a complex of changes in hemodynamics, thermoregulation, functional status of skin structures and genitals in women.Keywords: rosacea-tides, autonomic nervous system, dysregulation of centers

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN POLYCLINICDR.SARDJITO HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)is a disease that is transmitted by sexual contact. According to a health department report, Yogyakarta was a city with an incidence STIs highest in 2014, as many as 281 cases. The central of public hospital Dr. Sardjito is a referral hospitals type A which has featured service and have a special room for STIs in Polyclinic DermatoVenerology.The purpose of this research is to knowthe description ofcharacteristic of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Polyclinic Dermato Venereology RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The type of this research is a descriptive research with a restrospektif. The population of this reaserch is whole of Sexually Transmitted Infections patient in Polyclinic Dermato Venereology RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta in 2015 with sample techniques namely the simple random sampling. The data collection instrument used was a observation sheet.From 71 patients showed that the most in the age 17-25 years (53,52%), has an senior high school levels of education 71,83%, were unmarried 43,66%, first sex in 17-25 aged (80,28%), have >5 sex partner 29,57%, choose genital seks 69,01%, not doing multiple partner seks (70,41%), and does not condoms 85,91%. Keywords: Characteristic, Sexually Transmitted Infection

Studies of proteinograms in dermatophytes by disc electrophoresis. 1. Protein bands in relation to growth phase

Homogenates were prepared from various growth phases of Microsporum gypseum grown on different amino acids as the nitrogen source. When analyzed on 7.5% polyacrylamide disc gels, the water-soluble proteins in these homogenates gave essentially identical banding patterns