The Throat and The Voice: Part 1, Chapter 15: Naso-Pharyngeal Catarrh

Part 1, Chapter 15: Naso-Pharyngeal Catarrh, pp. 83-86https://jdc.jefferson.edu/throat_and_voice/1017/thumbnail.jp

Infectious sinusitis of turkeys

Infectious sinusitis—also known as swelled head, turkey roup and nasal catarrh —is a disease which is responsible for the deaths of many turkeys every year. Even where birds recover from the disease, they are liable to be stunted and unthrifty and it is generally agreed that sinusitis ranks second only to blackhead as a source of mortality and financial loss

Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma in Gnotobiotic Mice I. Pathogenicity of \u3cem\u3eMycoplasma pneumoniae\u3c/em\u3e, \u3cem\u3eMycoplasma salivarium\u3c/em\u3e, and \u3cem\u3eMycoplasma pulmonis\u3c/em\u3e for the Lungs of Conventional and Gnotobiotic Mice

Pneumonia due to mycoplasma in gnotobiotic mice. I. Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma salivarium, and Mycoplasma pulmonis for the lungs of conventional and gnotobiotic mice. J. Bacteriol. 92:1154–1163. 1966.—Two species of mycoplasma of human origin, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. salivarium, were tested for their ability to produce respiratory disease in the Ha/ICR mouse when inoculated by the intranasal route. The mouse pathogen M. pulmonis was studied as a positive control. Conventional and gnotobiotic Ha/ICR mice were employed, the latter to provide a system free from indigenous mycoplasma and bacteria. Pneumonia from which mycoplasma were isolated was produced in all groups of the conventional Ha/ICR mice, including those inoculated with sterile broth. Only M. pulmonis produced disease when inoculated intranasally into the gnotobiotic mice, and the gross and microscopic lesions resembled those described in conventional mice. The gnotobiotic mouse provided a tool to study the pathogenicity of different mycoplasma species, and indicated marked differences in host specificity that could not be clearly seen when conventional mice were used

Herbs for horses

The aim of this study was to find out how many and which of the herbs used for horses that have been scientifically studied with results to justify the use. In order to find out which herbs that are commonly used by horse-owners a phone interview was performed where six companies selling herbs for horses was contacted and asked to provide information on the most sold herbs for horses in Sweden. Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis), nettle (Urtica dioica) and monk's pepper (Vitex agnus-castus) where the most sold herbs, followed by marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), burdock (Arctium lappa), marigold (Calendula officinalis), purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia/purpurea), cleavers (Galium aparine), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), rose hip (Rosa canina), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and vervain (Verbena officinalis), in no particular order. Of the most used herbs, research with focus on the use for horses was found for purple coneflower, licorice, devil's claw, monk's pepper, rose hip, thyme, and vervain. These studies did not cover the whole range of traditional use for the mentioned herbs, and more studies are needed to be able to claim that these herbs have, or have not, scientific support for use in equine management

An in vitro study of the replication, morphology and DNA base composition of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Microbiology at Massey University, New Zealand

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can almost invariably be isolated from the lungs of sheep with chronic pneumonia, which is a prevalent disease in New Zealand hoggets. At Massey University, a study is in progress to establish the part, if any, played by M. ovipneumoniae in the patho­genesis of the disease. This thesis represents an in vitro investigation of some properties of M. ovipneu­moniae. It was undertaken as part of the larger study, and is presented in that context. To establish a method for the production of high titre exponential phase inocula for use in disease transmission experiments, the growth of M. ovipneumoniae in FM4 broth was studied. It was found that a maximum titre of 1.0 to 3.0 x 109 CFU/ml was produced regardless of the inoculum size or degree of aeration. The organism had a minimum division time of 1.7 hr; had no stationary phase and in the late death phase was inactivated with a half-life of about 0.5 hr. The organism was stored at -70° with little loss in titre (less than two-fold) over an 18 month period. Shaking cultures became sufficiently turbid during growth to allow meaningful measurements to be made using an SP20 spectrophotometer. In defined conditions, viz. when a shaking culture is in the exponential phase and contains 2.0 to 10.0 x 108 CFU/ml, the viable cell count can be estimated from turbidity measurements. Electron microscopy of M. ovipneumoniae showed that the cells are roughly spherical, 400 to 700nm in diameter, probably replicate by binary fission, contain ribosomes and fibrils of deoxyribonucleic acid, and are bounded by a trilaminar membrane bearing projections 12nm long. No specialized structural feature such as the attachment sites found in M. pneumoniae was detected. The New Zealand isolate of M. ovipneumoniae was morphologically indistinguishable from the standard M. ovipneumoniae strain isolated in Australia. Although the above description could be applied to many mycoplasma species, it should be noted that the average cell diameter of M. ovipneumoniae (about 550nm) is larger than that found for most but not all species of mycoplasma. The base composition of the DNA of M. ovipneumoniae determined by the thermal denaturation and buoyant density studies was 28.1% GC and 28.0% GC respectively. This relatively low GC content falls within the accepted range for mycoplasma species (23 - 40% GC) and within the much narrower range (26.8 - 28.5% GC) of glycolytic mycoplasmas causing respiratory disease in domestic animals

Myrica Esculenta and it’s Anti-Asthmatic Property with Ayurvedic approach : A Review

Myrica esculenta is a perennial shrub, of myricaceae family. From ancient time myrica esculanta reported to be used in traditional system of medicine. Various parts of the tree bark, fruit, flower are used therapetucally including for treatment of anemia, bronchitis, cough, chronic dysentery, fever, liver complaints, nasal catarrh, piles, sores, throat complaints, tumors, ulcers, urinary discharges. This review gives us a bird’s eye view on detailed information of this plants and targeted anti-asthmatic property of plant,as per Ayurvedic view concern