336 research outputs found
Control of aromatic biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa
Control of aromatic biosynthesi
Increased activity of the first two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis
Increased activity of the first two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesi
Antimicrobial Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum against the Five Most Common Microorganisms in the Oral Cavity
ARTICULO DE ACCESO LIBREAbstract: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) has been used as a dental analgesic, an anesthetic, and a bioreducing and capping agent in the formation of metallic nanoparticles. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect in oral microorganisms of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) formed with aqueous extract of clove through an ecofriendly method “green synthesis”. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy), SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and ζ potential, while its antimicrobial effect was corroborated against oral Grampositive and Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as yeast that is commonly present in the oral cavity. The AgNPs showed absorption at 400–500 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum, had an average size of 4–16 nm as observed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and were of a crystalline nature and quasi-spherical form. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed inhibition zones of 2–4 mm in diameter. Our results suggest that AgNPs synthesized with clove can be used as effective growth inhibitors in several oral microorganisms.S/
6-N-Trimethyllysine metabolism and carnitine biosynthesis in N. crassa
6-N-Trimethyllysine metabolism and carnitine biosynthesi
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Using View Types to Generate Explanations in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Providing coherent explanations of domain knowledge is essential for a fully functioning Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). Current ITSs that generate explanations directly from domain knowledge offer limited applicability because they place restrictions on the form and extent of the domain knowledge. Moreover,generating explanations in tutors that are designed to teach the breadth of foundational knowledge conveyed in most introductory college courses poses special problems. These problems arise because this knowledge is complex and contains multiple, highly-integrated viewpoints. To overcome these problems, we propose a method for selecting only the knowledge that is relevant for generating a coherent explanation from a desired viewpoint. This method uses domain-independent knowledge in the form of view types to select the appropriate knowledge
Transfer of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors to polypeptide acceptors in a cell-free system
Glycosylinositol phospholipid (GPI) membrane anchors are the sole means of membrane attachment of a large number of cell surface proteins, including the variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of the parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Biosynthetic data suggest that GPI-anchored proteins are synthesized with carboxy-terminal extensions that are immediately replaced by GPI, suggesting the existence of preformed GPI species available for transfer to the nascent protein in the ER. Candidate precursor glycolipids having a linear sequence indistinguishable from the conserved core structure found on all GPI anchors, have been characterized in T. brucei. In this paper we describe the transfer of three GPI variants to endogenous VSG in vitro. GPI addition is not reduced by inhibitors of protein synthesis and does not require ATP or GTP, consistent with a transpeptidation mechanism
Production of a novel microbial transglutaminase using Streptomyces sp. polar strains
Abstract Several biotechnological aspects regarding the increase in transglutaminase biosynthesi
Energy Metabolism and the Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response: A Dissertation
White adipose plays a major role in the regulation of whole body metabolism through the storage and hydrolysis of triglycerides and by secretion of adipokines. The function of endocrine cells is highly dependent on the unfolded protein response (UPR), a homeostatic signaling mechanism that balances the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the cell\u27s secretory protein load. Here we demonstrate that the adipocyte UPR pathway is necessary for its secretory functions, and can thus play a crucial role in the control of whole body energy homeostasis. ER protein folding capacity is dependent both on the number of available chaperones as well as on their activity, which requires a sufficient ATP supply. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in parallel with induction of the UPR; therefore, we tested whether it was necessary for efficient ER function. Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis through depletion of Tfam, a mitochondrial transcription factor, or treatment with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, demonstrate that ER function is sensitive to acute changes in adenine nucleotide levels. In addition, adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), which regulates mitochondrial adenine nucleotide interconversion, is markedly induced during adipocyte and B cell differentiation. AK2 depletion impairs induction of the UPR and secretion in both cell types. Interestingly, cytosolic adenylate kinase 1 (AK1) does not have the same effect upon UPR induction. We show that adenine nucleotides promote proper ER function and alterations in specific aspects of ATP synthesis can impair UPR signaling. Understanding the complex energetic regulation of the UPR may provide insight into the relationship between UPR and disease
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