Culture – the foundation of Maori Governance

The structure of a governance system specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants dictating the mutually agreed rules and procedures for making decisions on business affairs. For Maori, an indigenous people, the unique and pivotal factor that provides the point of difference, for governance, is the importance of their culture. Notwithstanding this point of difference, there exists a paucity of governance structures that adequately cater and provide for culture

Nuclear Quadrupole Effects in Deeply Bound Pionic Atoms

We have studied nuclear quadrupole deformation effects in deeply bound pionic atoms theoretically. We have evaluated the level shifts and widths of the hyperfine components using the first order perturbation theory and compared them with the effects of neutron skin. We conclude that the nuclear quadrupole deformation effects for deeply bound $1s$ and $2p$ states are very difficult to observe and that the effects could be observed for $3d$ states. We also conclude that the deformation effects are sensitive to the parameters of the pion-nucleus optical potential.Comment: Latex 11pages, Figures available on reques

Preserved cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia

&#34;Smoldering acute leukemia&#34;, a variant of acute myelogenous leukemia, has been recognized with frequent incidence in recent years. This is chracterized by benign clinical course, poor physical findings, leukopenia and mild anemia in the peripheral blood, and apparent infiltration of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunological studies of the host defence mechanism were made, because the pathogenesis of its &#34;smoldering&#34; course has never been well understood. Nine cases, seen during last 2 years, were investigated for immunological profile, especially the cellular immunity. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, i.e., tuberculin test, was found to be positive in 8 of 9 cases (88.9%). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization test showed to be positive in 4 of 6 cases examined (66.9%). Peripheral lymphocyte balstogenesis by stimulating with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated using the smear counting method. The blastoid lymphocyte ratio was 55% at the median value (range: 31-68%), compared with 63% in normal young control (age: 25-32) and 41% in normal aged control (age: 60-75). In this report, the cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia was proved to be preserved at the normal level and to be more competent than that in aged group. The preserved cellular immunity is considered to explain the phenomenon of &#34;smoldering&#34;, in other words, the exacerbating proliferation of leukemic cells is suppressed by immuno-surveillance system.</p

Theoretical Response to the Discovery of Deeply Bound Pionic States in 208Pb(d,3He) reactions

Recently, deeply bound pionic states were found experimentally in (d, $^3$He) reactions on $^{208}$Pb. They found an isolated peak structure in the bound region below the pion production threshold. We study theoretically these excitation functions in (d, $^3$He) reactions on $^{208}$Pb at T$_d$=600 MeV. We found very good agreement with the (d, $^3$He) excitation functions and could identify the underlying structures of the pionic states. We study the energy dependence of the (d, $^3$He) reactions and the change of the excitation functions with the incident energy.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, Figures available on request, Z.Phys.A.accepte

A critical analysis on deeply bound kaonic states in nuclei

We make a critical analysis on the theoretical calculations that lead to predictions of deeply bound kaonic states in nuclei. The model set-up, after dropping several important processes and channels, leads unavoidably to an unrealistic deep potential with a very small imaginary part. We review also the experimental results taken as reference for the claim of deeply bound kaons. We suggest that the peaks of the proton spectra come from $K^-$ absorption on a pair of nucleons, leaving the rest of the nucleons as spectators. Based on this conjecture we predict what would happen in other nuclei.Comment: 19 pags., 4 figs, version to be published in Phys. Rev.

On the determination of the pion effective mass in nuclei from pionic atoms

The binding energies of the deeply bound 1s and 2p states in pionic atoms of $^{207}$Pb, recently established experimentally in the $^{208}$Pb(d,$^3$He) reaction, have been used by several groups to derive the pion effective mass in nuclear matter. We show that these binding energies are fully consistent with `normal' pionic atoms and that the real part of the pion-nucleus potential at the center of $^{207}$Pb is 28$\pm$3 MeV and not 20 MeV as suggested previously.Comment: 8 pages, Revtex, 2 figures, accepted by Physics Letters