Extractive metallurgy Techniques possibly applicable in India

METALLURGY remained an art from the time of Agicola (credited with having written the first treatise on the subject) to the end of the 19th century. In many areas, it remains an art to this day. "This does not mean to imply that no advances have been made in metallurgy. But there are many examples of early metallurgical work which our best scientists today find difficult to explain. An out-standing one is that of the Delhi Pillar at Kutub Minar forged of iron, as far as is known, about the 12th century and still standing, almost unweathered,in uprightposition a few miles outside the city of New Delhi. During the present rocket race, a great deal of scientific work has been done on the metallurgy of steel and special alloys, with the result that ductilities and tensile strengths have increased dramatically within the past twenty years

A Transcendental Phenomenological Description of Experiences of Graduates of Alternative High Schools Using an Exclusively Online Curriculum in North Carolina

The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological research was to describe the experiences of students of alternative North Carolina high schools as they transitioned from traditional conventional high schools to an exclusively online curriculum at alternative high schools and to understand the impact of that educational format on the students’ preparation to succeed as high school graduates. Schlossberg’s (1981) transition theory, grounded on the belief that life changes result in new behaviors and self-perceptions and that individuals differ in their ability to adapt to change, guided this study. Thirteen volunteer graduates from three counties in North Carolina were purposefully selected to participate in this study. Data collection included journal entries, one-on-one interviews, and a focus group activity. The findings included six major themes that collectively tell the story of how these participants found the means to succeed with an online curriculum in an alternative high school setting: On-Site Relational Support; Ability to Focus; One-On-One Instruction; Reduction of Social Anxiety; Self-Pacing and Personal Responsibility; and On-Site Institutional Support. Future research needs to be conducted to broaden the scope of the relevance of the six themes by including the success stories of greater numbers of schools and participants. Research also needs to be conducted to verify the impact of the six themes on schools following implementation of the themes in changing school operations

Extractive Metallurgical Processes Possibly Applicable in India

All other conditions being equal, an ore deposit can be defined as an aggregate of minerals from which one or more minerals or metals can be extracted and sold at a profit. In today's complex international market place with balance of payment problems occuring from time to time in almost all countries, straight economic considerations are often modified by need for the material or for additional national income

Thermal recovery of petroleum by electrical heating

It is the purpose of this investigation to study the feasibility of recovering oil from laboratory size cores by passing electric current through the formation. If a voltage of sufficient magnitude could be applied to the formation to cause a flow of current, the formation would be heated. This heat should stimulate the flow of oil. The expansion of any gas present in the core together with the formation of hydrocarbon vapors should provide sufficient expulsive force to drive oil from the core. The effect of power expenditure, the necessary voltages, the changes of conductivity and power factor of the formation, temperatures, and heating rates were investigated and will be presented in the body of the thesis --Introduction, page 3-4

A hierarchically distributed architecture for fault isolation expert systems on the space station

The Space Station Axiomatic Fault Isolating Expert Systems (SAFTIES) system deals with the hierarchical distribution of control and knowledge among independent expert systems doing fault isolation and scheduling of Space Station subsystems. On its lower level, fault isolation is performed on individual subsystems. These fault isolation expert systems contain knowledge about the performance requirements of their particular subsystem and corrective procedures which may be involved in repsonse to certain performance errors. They can control the functions of equipment in their system and coordinate system task schedules. On a higher level, the Executive contains knowledge of all resources, task schedules for all systems, and the relative priority of all resources and tasks. The executive can override any subsystem task schedule in order to resolve use conflicts or resolve errors that require resources from multiple subsystems. Interprocessor communication is implemented using the SAFTIES Communications Interface (SCI). The SCI is an application layer protocol which supports the SAFTIES distributed multi-level architecture

Mini Review: Specificity in cytokine signal transduction: lessons learned from the IL-3:IL-5:GM-CSF receptor family

Cytokines mediate the transduction of proliferative, differentiation and survival signals in the hematopoietic system. Although the cytokine family is large and diverse, many different cytokines display broadly overlapping functions. This can be explained by the fact that cytokine receptors often share multiple subunits. Specificity in signal transduction can however be achieved through several mechanisms. This review focuses on how signal specificity can be achieved within the IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF receptor family. This is discussed in terms of receptor expression, recent advances in our understanding of intracellular signalling components, and analysis of null mutant knock-out mice

HYPOTHESIS Open Access

Hepatic autophagy is differentially regulated in periportal and pericentral zones- a general mechanism relevant for other tissues

Regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation and Survival by the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF Receptor Family

The receptors for the Il-3/IL-5/GM-CSF cytokine family are composed of a heterodimeric com-plex of a cytokine-specific a chain and a common ß chain (ßc). Binding of IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF to their respective receptors rapidly induces activation of multiple intracellular signalling pathways, including the Ras-Raf-ERK, the JAK/STAT, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PKB, and the JNK/SAPK and p38 signalling pathways. This re-view focuses on recent advancements in understanding how these different signalling pathways are activated by IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptors, and how the individual pathways contribute to the pleiotropic effects of IL-3/IL-5/ GM-CSF on their target cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and effector functions