Trends in Unemployment and Other Labor Market Difficulties

[Excerpt] The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has for many years published various measures of unemployment and other labor market difficulties. There are six “alternative measures of labor underutilization” published each month in the Employment Situation news release. These measures provide insights into a broad range of problems encountered by workers in today\u27s labor market. The official unemployment rate, also referred to in the list of alternative measures as U-3, is defined as the total number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labor force, while U-1 and U-2 are more narrowly defined and U-4 through U-6 are broader in scope. The original set of alternative measures was first introduced by the BLS in 1976.5 These measures were later revised following the 1994 redesign of the Current Population Survey (CPS) to account for changes in the definitions of certain labor force measures as well as the collection of new data. Since the redesign of the CPS in 1994, the economy has experienced two recessions—in 2001 and in 2007-2009—during which the entire range of alternative measures (U-1 through U-6) increased. This issue of Beyond the Numbers examines trends in the BLS alternative measures of labor underutilization over the period from 1994 to 2014

BLS Spotlight on Statistics: Profile of the Labor Force by Educational Attainment

Increased education is associated with both higher wages and lower unemployment. This Spotlight on Statistics highlights how that relationship has changed over time and examines additional detail on educational attainment. The charts and analysis that follow illustrate historical and current statistics from the Current Population Survey on the U.S. labor force for people age 25 years and older by educational attainment, defined as the highest diploma or degree received at the time the survey was conducted

Fast Room-Temperature Phase Gate on a Single Nuclear Spin in Diamond

Nuclear spins support long lived quantum coherence due to weak coupling to the environment, but are difficult to rapidly control using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a result of the small nuclear magnetic moment. We demonstrate a fast ~ 500 ns nuclear spin phase gate on a 14N nuclear spin qubit intrinsic to a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The phase gate is enabled by the hyperfine interaction and off-resonance driving of electron spin transitions. Repeated applications of the phase gate bang-bang decouple the nuclear spin from the environment, locking the spin state for up to ~ 140 microseconds.Comment: Related papers at http://pettagroup.princeton.ed

Diptera Development: A Forensic Science Perspective

Insects, particularly Diptera, can reveal a great deal of information to investigators. By using known developmental data along with the common pattern of development displayed by flies, the time of colonization (and by logical extension, the postmortem interval) may be determined. This method requires investigators to know the exact development data of the insects at a scene and be able to do some simple calculations based on the concept of degree days (DD) or degree hours (DH). This chapter will give an overview of the methods currently used by forensic entomologists to translate the developmental cycle of flies into usable data for a crime scene

Engaging Data-Based Problem-Solving to Address Chronic Absenteeism Among PreK-12 Students

Each year approximately, 5-7.5 million students are chronically absent. Data necessary to assist educators in problem-solving chronic absenteeism are not widely available. This session focuses on the use of two instruments designed to inform problem-solving for PreK-12 students. A description of instrument administration, data analysis and real-life examples of designing and implementing interventions based on needs identified through the surveys will be provided

The Adaption of Judicial Procedures to the Arbitral Process

The adaptation and application of judicial procedures to arbitration have long been subjects of vital concern and lively controversy. This remains particularly true with regard to the utilization of arbitration for the adjudication of labor-management disputes. It is asserted, generally by non-lawyers, that the introduction to labor arbitration proceedings of legal procedures such as prehearing techniques, formalized submission agreements, adoption of rules of evidence, application of precedent, reliance on transcripts, briefs and the like, prolong the proceedings, increase the costs and too often enmesh the merits of the dispute in legal technicalities which becloud the real issues. Simultaneously, it is maintained, most often by lawyers, that similar defects in arbitration proceedings are attributed to the failure of arbitrators to employ legal procedures sufficiently in the arbitral process. Defendant’s Rights is a survey of the various stages of a criminal prosecution in England. It begins with an account of the English criminal courts which is commendably short and concise