Effect of peppermint on pediatrics’ pain under endoscopic examination of the large bowel

Introduction: Colonoscopy is a painful and invasive technique for patients especially for pediatrics. Peppermint has analgesic effect. Therefore, we wish to look at the effect of peppermint essence on the patients&rsquo; satisfaction and pain after colonoscopy. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 100 patient&rsquo;s candidate for colonoscopy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Control group received no drug. Case group was administrated supermint essence thirty minutes before colonoscopy. A valid questionnaire was filled during the colonoscopy for patient&rsquo;s satisfaction and pain evaluation. Results: The mean value of abdominal pain was 0.527&plusmn;2.500 in control group and 1.625&plusmn;0.491 in case group after treatment (p&lt;0.05). Degree of satisfaction was 8 and 17.6 percent in control and case groups, respectively. Mean value of satisfaction in control group was 1.833&plusmn;0.389 that was significantly different from case group (2.607&plusmn;0.566) (p&lt;0.05). Duration of colonoscopy in control group was significantly higher than the one in case group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that peppermint essence causes an increasing in satisfaction as well as a reduction in pain in patients under the colonoscopy.</p

Exploring the lived Experience of the Concept of Touch in Purchasing Product Categories from Physical and Online Stores

The touch of the product plays an important role in the final decision of the customer when purchasing from physical and online retail, and the sensations that come to be enjoyed through touch enable them to experience the product from all angles. Therefore, considering the importance of touch, this research has investigated the lived experience of touching the product from the point of view of customers of physical and online stores. The following article is done with qualitative method and phenomenological paradigm. The research community is made up of electronic and clothing buyers from online and physical stores: Technolife, Adak, Havadar and Happyland in Tehran, and through semi-structured interviews, evidence was collected based on the purposeful sampling method. The interviews continued until reaching the theoretical saturation, and in this research, the interviews reached saturation with 15 people. Based on the extracted results, the main themes include; Product perception is physical touch, virtual touch, touch experiences, need for touch and touch perceptions. According to the results, managers of physical and online stores should provide conditions (such as the use of modern technologies) that touch and contact with the product happen to both groups of online and physical buyers so that they can buy products based on their needs and wants, and also this research can pave the way for the development of touch literature for researchers

The effect of supermint oral drop (peppermint essence) on the patients’ pain and their satisfaction after colonoscopy

زمینه و هدف: کولونوسکپی روشی تهاجمی است که برای بیمار به ویژه کودکان ناراحت کننده و دردناک است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان تأثیر تجویز قطره خوراکی سوپرمینت (اسانس نعناع) بر درد و رضایتمندی بیمار پس از عمل کولونوسکوپی بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی، 101 بیمار کاندید عمل کولونوسکوپی به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. به گروه شاهد(50 نفر) دارویی تجویز نشد. به گروه مورد (51 نفر)، 20 قطره خوراکی سوپرمینت 30 دقیقه قبل از کولونوسکوپی خورانده شد. پس از عمل کولونوسکوپی با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد میزان درد و رضایتمندی بیمار بررسی شد. داده ها توسط آزمون توصیفی و تحلیلی (t-test) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین میزان دردهای شکمی در گروه شاهد 527/0±500/2 و در گروه مورد 491/0± 625/1 از نمره 10 بود (05/0

The Relationship between Country e-Readiness and Effectiveness of Applying Information Technology in Firms using Meta-Analysis Approach

Payoffs from information technology (IT) continue to generate interest and debate both among academicians and practitioners. These have led the decision makers to confusion about IT effect on firms` financial performance; they don’t know either high or low effect is because of internal or external factors of organizational environment. The mechanism for decreasing the risks is to identify the causes. In this paper we examine one of the intermediaries affecting the IT and firms’ financial performance relationship: country e-readiness. Meta-Analysis is an experienced approaches coping with the research context. Applying this approach we examine 380 studies (from 49 research reports) of IT effect on firm-level financial performance. Based on appropriate statistical tests, we present statistical evidence about country e-readiness as a factor that discriminates different field studies in terms of the positive or negative effect of IT on financial performance. The results indicate that countries e-readiness has a positive relation with IT payoffs in past studies

Promotion Mix Modeling by Fuzzy Approach (A Case Study of Automobile Battery Industry)

The main purpose of this paper is to develop an effective and efficient promotion mix model and determine the share and value of each of the underlying variables in the promotion mix in accordance with the marketing and promotional goals and strategies of a firm. The review of earlier studies indicate that the promotion mix components such as competitor’s advertisement, public relation budget, variety of sales promotion variables, sales persons skills, competition intensity and customers’ satisfaction level, product life cycle and marketing goals have been mainly stochastic, dynamic, vague, imprecise, qualitative or intangible that require approaches coherent with the innate nature of these variables to understand. However, in most of the current models, the issue of designing a mix with structured approach and in a time-series framework has been handled without paying enough attention to the data nature and humane judgments, and neither the impact of the input variables on output variables in promotion mix. This paper tries to compensate for the aforementioned shortcoming by employing a fuzzy approach in modeling, reliance on the actual performance data, and analysis of the experts’ views. By using this approach, we achieved most satisfaction on reaching marketing and promotional goals besides minimizing cost of doing such activities. Furthermore we use some variable such as organization life cycle, marketing strategy, promotional activities budget, competition intensity and industry nature as a key construct for designing effective model. Employed fuzzy approach ranked the importance of promotion variables as follow in automobile battery industry: personal selli

Investigating the effect of customer education on customer satisfaction of nano foods in Iran

In the emphasis on knowledge as a key competitive factor in the global economy, corporations may be overlooking a major element – customer knowledge. Customer knowledge management (CKM) creates new knowledge sharing platforms and processes between companies and their customers. Customer education is one of the best ways of customer knowledge management. Despite companies’ growing interest for customer education and the recent awareness in marketing literature of this concept, research on customer education remains relatively scarce. In this research a model which details the relationships between customer education and customer satisfaction was proposed and validated for Nano food product. The existence of two mediating variables was unveiled: product usage and product-usage related knowledge and skills. The experimental fieldwork was conducted in partnership with Nano food companies and their customers. In this research, clear evidence has been provided that customer education positively impacts on customer satisfaction and that specific mechanisms explain such effects

Marketing: developments, challenges and solutions in the Third Millennium

بازاریابی یا مدیریت بازار، بخشی از فعالیت های سازمان ها است که نقشی حیاتی در حضور استراتژیک این سازمان ها در بازار دارد. در اواخر دهه 80 و اوایل دهه 90، تردیدهایی نسبت به ارزش فعالیت های بازاریابی در شرکت ها مطرح شد. این تردید ها ناشی از برخی اقدامات ضعیف شرکت ها در انجام فعالیت های بازاریابی و همچنین بروز تحولات و چالشها در عرصه بازار است. می توان ادعا کرد که بازاریابی هم چنان اهمیت خود را حفظ کرده است اما چهره بازاریابی و نحوه پرداختن به آن تغییر کرده است. در این مقاله سعی بر آن است که به بررسی چالش ها، مشکلات و راهکارهای لازم برای موفقیت در کسب برتری رقابتی در بازاریابی بویژه در آغاز هزاره سوم پرداخته شود

Analyzing Consumer Perception in Online Food Ordering Systems

While E-Commerce is growing rapidly in the world, food industry is also finding its position in this growing field. Today, with introduction of new business models, traditional marketing definitions are changed. Marketing is one of organizational systems and/or one of the most important processes of business organizations for gaining goals and satisfying consumer needs. Therefore, the age of communication developments, in the form of influences caused by E-commerce expansion, induced significant changes in marketing. The main aim of this research is to survey restaurant consumer attitudes toward food online shopping. This research, in terms of goal and methodology, is developmental-applied and descriptive-survey, respectively. Regarding data collection, specified interviews are used for extracting factors or indicators which are less mentioned in theoretical foundation. Also, questionnaire is developed to collect data from statistical population. Meanwhile, sample size is 384. To analyze data, Structural Equation Modeling is used. Finally, based on the obtained results, 6 research hypotheses are accepted while one is rejected. Hypotheses related to the positive and significant relationship between order trend, conceived utility, innovations, promotions and trust in online food ordering with consumer perceptions about online food ordering, and effect of consumer perceptions about online food ordering on consumer behavior are accepted. Hypothesis about the relation between external factors and consumer perception about online food ordering is rejected.

Measuring Relative Efficiency of Competitive Advantage Iranian Using Quantitative Porter Diamond Model, Comparing to Selective Countries - DEA approach

Researching the domain of competitive advantage, are carried out at the levels of entity or industry. But a broader perceptive which is the investigation of competitive advantage at national level and more comprehensive level has been rarely taken into account by researchers. To solve this problem, in this article, relying on a efficiency – oriented approach and paying attention to the inputs of each country. The efficiency of each country is examined in competitive advantage. As a whole porter diamond model defines, 6 input elements, for examining competitive advantage of countries. Considering the previous research which is done on this model has resulted in gratification of this model, the researchers have tried to calculate the efficiency by selecting a suitable data envelopment analysis approach. Regarding the selection of 112 countries and 12 input criteria and 2 output criteria, it was shown that having 68.67% of efficiency Iran is ranked 70th. Examining the efficiency a during 2000-2003-2006 results in a continuity of efficiency significance. In this way, Iran, by a great growth of efficiency which is the result of the decrease in Manufactures imports and the increase in direct foreign investment has obtained the efficiency in 2006