Transdisciplinarity in Urban Planning for Future Challenges at the Example of Digital Transformation

The tasks of spatial planning are becoming ever more complex as a result of the increasing and growingnumber of demands, such as climate change, digital transformation or densification. This increases theimportance of inter- and transdisciplinarity in planning. Integrated perspectives are necessary for the sustainable design of future settlement and landscape areas. The understanding of other disciplines and views is crucial for a fair and expedient balancing of interests. This paper aims to analyse and compare the views and assessments of three spatial disciplines: spatialdevelopment, transport planning and landscape planning. The topic of digital transformation provides an ideal basis for discussion, as it brings with it future challenges and uncertainties, besides all three planning areas are affected. The basis for this is a broadly-based two-step Delphi study on the spatial effectiveness of digital transformation. In an online survey, the members of the professional associations from Switzerland of the three disciplines were asked to assess the changes in space caused by digital transformation. The survey was carried out as part of a research project at the HSR University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil (Switzerland) with the aim of assessing future developments (Engelke et al., 2019). The research project deals with the benefits of digital transformation for sustainable spatial development and represents a research focus of the Institute for Spatial Development and the Institute for Landscape and Open Space at the HSR. The disciplinary differences and similarities are not in the foreground of the research. In retrospect of the survey, however, interesting and particularly important aspects for goal-oriented, joint planning can be identified, on which this paper focuses on. Topics such as the future of public space, spatial data usage and the role of public authorities were surveyed and are discussed in this article. The aim of this publication is to elicit common and different assessments of the three professional groups concerning future space due to digital transformation. Using the mixed-methods approach, the survey results are compared quantitatively on the one hand and questions and comments are semantically analysed on the other. This methodological triangulation is necessary for a better understanding and comparison of different questions on a topic (Johnson et al., 2007). Based on this, the paper shows how the estimations of spatial, landscape and transport planners diverge and how they see the future to change due to the digital transformation. The analysis identifies the greatest common challenges. It can be stated that there are different levels of knowledge and various visions of the future between the professional groups. Finally, proposals are made as to how the challenges can be tackled using the principles of transdisciplinary research and where the focus can be advantageously placed

Welchen Einfluss haben Skapula stabilisierende Übungen bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit einem Subakromialen Impingement Syndrom bezüglich Schmerz, Beweglichkeit und Kraft?

Darstellung des Themas: Das Subakromiale Impingement Syndrom (SIS) ist das meist gesehene Schmerzsyndrom an den Schultergelenken. Oft ist die glenohumerale Schulterbeweglichkeit schmerzhaft eingeschränkt. Die Skapula stabilisierende Muskulatur bildet zusammen mit der Rotatorenmanschette die Basis für ein gut funktionierendes Glenohumeralgelenk. Das Beüben der Muskulatur der Skapula wird in der Praxis oft vernachlässigt. Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Wichtigkeit von Übungen der Skapula führenden Muskulatur, bei Menschen mit einem SIS zu untersuchen. Dies erfolgte mithilfe der Verlaufsparameter Schmerz, Beweglichkeit und Kraft. Methode: Vier randomisiert, kontrollierte Studien (RCT) wurden aus den Datenbanken Medline, Pubmed, Cinahl und Google Scholar anhand vordefinierter Kriterien extrahiert. Die Qualitätsprüfung erfolgte anhand der PEDro Skala sowie mithilfe des EMED Rasters. Relevante Ergebnisse: Skapula stabilisierende Übungen zeigen einen positiven Effekt bezüglich der subjektiven Verlaufsparameter Schmerz und der gesundheitsabhängigen Lebensqualität. Ebenfalls konnte die glenohumerale Beweglichkeit in Innen- und Aussenrotation sowie die Kraft der Mm. trapezius und serratus anterior Signifikanz generieren. Schlussfolgerung: Anhand der Studienresultate können keine genauen Angaben zur Art der Skapula stabilisierenden Übungen und deren Dosierung gemacht werden. Fest steht einzig, dass das Training täglich erfolgen, sowie auf jedes Individuum einzeln angepasst werden sollte

Modélisation et extraction de données pour un entrepôt objet

National audienceThis paper describes an object-oriented model for designing complex and time-variant data warehouse data. The main contribution is the warehouse class concept, which extends the class concept by temporal and archive filters as well as a mapping function. Filters allow the keeping of relevant data changes whereas the mapping function defines the warehouse class schema from a global data source schema. The approach take into account static properties as well as dynamic properties. The behaviour extraction is based on the use-matrix concept

Modélisation des transformations pour l'évolution de modèles multidimensionnels

La modélisation et l'entreposage des données ont constitué, depuis plus d'une décennie, une problématique de recherche pour laquelle différentes approches ont été proposées. Ces approches se focalisent sur des aspects statiques de l'entrepôt de données. Or, l'évolution du système d'information qui alimente un entrepôt peut avoir un impact sur ce dernier et peut conduire, par conséquent, à l'évolution de son modèle multidimensionnel. Dans ce contexte évolutif, nous proposons une démarche dirigée par les modèles pour automatiser la propagation de l'évolution du modèle de la source de données relationnelle vers l'entrepôt. Cette démarche est fondée sur deux modèles d'évolution ainsi qu'un ensemble de règles de transformation formalisées en Query/View/Transformation. Nous développons un prototype logiciel nommé DWE (« Data Warehouse Evolution ») qui supporte cette démarche

Xml warehouse modelling and queryinq

International audienceIntegrating XML documents in data warehouse is a major issue for decisional data processing and business intelligence. Indeed this type of data is increasingly being used in organisations’ information system. But the current warehousing systems do not manage documents as they do for extracted data from relational databases. We have therefore developed a multidimensional model based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), to describe an XML Document Warehouse (XDW). The warehouse diagram obtained is a Star schema ( StarCD) which fact represents the documents class to be analyzed, and the dimensions correspond to analysis criteria extracted from the structure of the documents. The standard XQuery language can express queries on XML documents, but it is not suitable for analyzing a warehouse as its syntax is too complex for a non IT specialist. This paper presents a new language aimed at decision-makers and allows applying OLAP queries on a XDW described by a StarCD

Personnalisation de bases de données multidimensionnelles

National audienceThis paper deals with decision support systems resting on multidimensional modelling of data. Moreover, we intend to offer a set of concepts and mechanisms for personalized multidimensional database specifications. This personalization consists in associating weights to different components of a multidimensional schema. Personalization specifications are specified through the use of a language based on the principle of Event Condition Action. This personalisation determines multidimensional data display as well as their analyses (with the use of drilling or rotating operations)

Algèbre OLAP et langage graphique

National audienceThis article deals with OLAP systems based on multidimensional model. The conceptual model we provide, represents data through a constellation (multi-facts) composed of several multi-hierarchy dimensions. In this model, data are displayed through multidimensional tables. We define a query algebra handling these tables. This user oriented algebra is composed of a closure core of OLAP operators as soon as advanced operators dedicated to complex analysis. Finally, we specify a graphical OLAP language based on this algebra. This language facilitates analyses of decision makers

Galaxy-Gen: A Tool for Building Galaxy model from XML documents

National audienceA galaxy model is a multidimensional model dedicated for XML document warehouses. It can be seen as a network of entities (i.e., dimensions) connected via nodes. After giving an overview of our four-steps semi-automated method for the generation of galaxy models which aims to build data marts from XML documents. This paper focuses on the software tool, called Galaxy-Gen that implements the proposed method. We illustrate the Galaxy-Gen functionalities and make its first assessment through two experiments. The first experiment is applied to a set of twenty XML documents taken from the academic domain. The second one addressed a set of 1691 XML documents issued from the Clef-2007 collection. The assessment is performed by comparing manual design galaxy models with those produced by the Galaxy-Gen tool. The results are very promising