(E)-2-[2-(4-Chloro­benzyl­idene)hydrazin­yl]-4-[3-(morpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propyl­amino]­quinazolin-1-ium bis­(perchlorate)

In the title compound, C22H27ClN6O2 2+·2ClO4 −, the mol­ecule adopts an E conformation about the C=N double bond. The quinazoline ring is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0432 Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 5.77 (4)° with the chloro­phenyl ring. The crystal packing features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Potential Influences of Volcanic Eruptions on Future Global Land Monsoon Precipitation Changes

The global monsoon system is of exceptional socioeconomic importance owing to its impacts on two-thirds of the globe’s population. Major volcanic eruptions strongly influence global land monsoon (GLM) precipitation change. By using 60 plausible eruption scenarios sampled from reconstructed volcanic proxies over the past 2,500 years, 21st century volcanic influences on GLM precipitation projections are examined with an Earth system model under a moderate emission scenario. The decadal-scale ensemble spread with realistic eruptions (VOLC) increases by 17.5% and 20.1% compared to no-volcanic (NO-VOLC) and constant background-volcanic (VOLC-CONST) scenarios, respectively. Compared with NO-VOLC, the centennial mean VOLC GLM precipitation shows a 10% overall reduction and regionally, Asia is the most impacted. Changes in atmospheric circulation in the aftermath of large volcanic eruptions match the global warming response patterns well with opposite sign, with the North American monsoon precipitation enhanced following large volcanic eruptions, which is in sharp contrast to the robust decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall. Volcanic activity could delay the time of emergence of anthropogenic influence by five years on average over about 60% of the GLM area. Our results demonstrate the importance of statistical representation of potential volcanism for the projections of future monsoon variability. Quantifying volcanic impacts on regional climate projections and their socioeconomic influences on infrastructure planning, food security, and disaster management should be a priority of future work.publishedVersio

Evaluating Eye Drop Instillation Technique and Its Determinants in Glaucoma Patients

Aim. To evaluate eye drop instillation technique and to explore its determinants in glaucoma patients. Methods. One hundred and thirteen patients diagnosed with glaucoma and self-administering topical antiglaucoma eye drops for at least 1 month were evaluated. All patients instilled artificial tear solution in one eye as they would do at home. The whole process was evaluated by two study staff. A comprehensive score system associated with eye drop instillation techniques was used to quantify the instillation technique and explore its determinants such as demographic and clinical characteristics. Results. Half of the patients (48.67%) finished the administration of eye drop on first attempt.1.7 eye drops were squeezed out on average. 43 patients (37.17%) got contact with ocular surface or adnexa. Only 19.7% patients had eye drop instillation techniques being defined as well. 11 patients (9.7%) had prior instruction regarding using eye drops, while only 4 patients knew to occlude the tear duct by pressing the dacryocyst area. Older age and worse visual acuity were found to be independent risk factors for worse instillation technique. Conclusions. Eye drop instillation technique in glaucoma patients deserves great attention from eye care practitioners during their lifelong follow-up, especially those aged older and have worse visual acuity

Potential Influences of Volcanic Eruptions on Future Global Land Monsoon Precipitation Changes

The global monsoon system is of exceptional socioeconomic importance owing to its impacts on two-thirds of the globe’s population. Major volcanic eruptions strongly influence global land monsoon (GLM) precipitation change. By using 60 plausible eruption scenarios sampled from reconstructed volcanic proxies over the past 2,500 years, 21st century volcanic influences on GLM precipitation projections are examined with an Earth system model under a moderate emission scenario. The decadal-scale ensemble spread with realistic eruptions (VOLC) increases by 17.5% and 20.1% compared to no-volcanic (NO-VOLC) and constant background-volcanic (VOLC-CONST) scenarios, respectively. Compared with NO-VOLC, the centennial mean VOLC GLM precipitation shows a 10% overall reduction and regionally, Asia is the most impacted. Changes in atmospheric circulation in the aftermath of large volcanic eruptions match the global warming response patterns well with opposite sign, with the North American monsoon precipitation enhanced following large volcanic eruptions, which is in sharp contrast to the robust decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall. Volcanic activity could delay the time of emergence of anthropogenic influence by five years on average over about 60% of the GLM area. Our results demonstrate the importance of statistical representation of potential volcanism for the projections of future monsoon variability. Quantifying volcanic impacts on regional climate projections and their socioeconomic influences on infrastructure planning, food security, and disaster management should be a priority of future work

Increased impact of heat domes on 2021-like heat extremes in North America under global warming

The heat dome explains about 55% of the 2021 Western North American high temperatures. The intensity of heat extremes associated with such circulations are increasing faster than background global warming due to soil moisture feedbacks

Platinum Dendritic-Flowers Prepared by Tellurium Nanowires Exhibit High Electrocatalytic Activity for Glycerol Oxidation

Dentritic Pt-based nanomaterials with enriched edge and corner atoms have recently attracted considerable attention as electrocatalysts. Meanwhile, Pt(111) facets are generally considered more active for the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Thus, it is significant to construct the rational design and synthesis of dentritic Pt whose surface is mostly enclosed by {111} facets. Reported herein is a unique Pt-branched structure enriched by a large amount of valency unsaturated atoms prepared by the aggravation of the galvanic replacement strategy. The synthesis is developed to generate highly crystallized Pt nanoflowers using Te nanowires as a template. Furthermore, the electrochemical results show that Pt nanoflower is an excellent catalyst with higher mass activity and better structure stability than commercial Pt/C (20% Pt) for glycerol electro-oxidation. Besides, the template-broken approach could provide a novel potential way to synthesize Pt-based or other noble metals/alloys for their advanced functional applications

Ammonia Mediated One-Step Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Porous Pt_<i>x</i>Cu_{100–<i>x</i>} Nanochain Networks with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Polyhydric Alcohol Oxidation

Owing to the excellent molecular accessibility and self-supported architectures, three-dimensional (3D) porous nanostructures can promote the catalytic property of Pt-based catalysts. In this work, by using ammonia as the structure-director in the synthetic process, a facile method was developed to synthesize bimetallic 3D porous Pt_<i>x</i>Cu_{100–<i>x</i>} nanochain networks (3D p-Pt_<i>x</i>Cu_{100–<i>x</i>} NCNs) with tunable compositions. The 3D p-Pt₄₆Cu₅₄ NCNs achieve a mass activity of 8.38 A mg_Pt^–1 for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and 4.01 A mg_Pt^–1 for glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) in alkaline solution, which is 3.58-fold and 4.01-fold that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. The result demonstrated that the bimetallic 3D nanochain network structures facilitated the effective utilization of Pt. The ammonia mediated one-step synthetic strategy has the potential to prepare other promising 3D porous Pt-based nanomaterials in electrocatalytic applications