Analysis of Elderly In-Migrants In Tennessee

The idea of elderly in-migrants as an important factor or stimulus to local economic development (Serow, 2001) has been confirmed by quite a few studies such as Bennett (1993); Carlson, Junk, Fox, Rudzitis, & Cann (1998); Day & Barlett (2000); Hodge (1991); Serow & Haas (1992); and Stallmann, Deller, & Shields (1999). Large-scale elderly in-migrants can bring several benefits to local economy. First, they can increase property and sales taxes, counties' largest source of revenues, without directly increasing their greatest expense such as public education; also, in-migrant retirees as a large portion of elderly do not compete for jobs so that most of counties consider them as net economic assets (Day & Barlett, 2000; Glasgow, 1991; Graff & Wiseman, 1990; Rowles & Watkins, 1993; Schneider & Green, 1992). Second, large-scale elderly in-migrants can increase local sales and capital pool through investments and savings (Campbell, 2005). Third, they can stimulate job creation and service development (Campbell, 2005). Thus, more and more counties are competing for elderly in-migrants as a source of local economic development. The question of what factors attract elderly in-migrants has been put forwarded by county governors who need to make good strategies or policies to pull them in. However, most previous studies on analyzing those factors of elderly in-migrants have been focused from macro levels such as national perspective, southern US, or state level. Little research has been conducted from a micro level of counties which are increasingly competing for elderly in-migrants with each other. The objective of this study is to determine the factors to attract elderly in-migrants from the perspective of counties in Tennessee. The main contribution of this study is to find out the county characteristics in Tennessee that attract elderly in-migrants and then provide policy implications for county governors on how to pull them in. Literatures such as Serow et al (1996 and 2001), Longino (1995), Newbold (1996), Campbell (2005), Gabriel and Rosenthal (2000) provide intuition and background for empirical models used to do the regression analysis in this paper. According to these studies, the factors of elderly in-migrants, in terms of county characteristics, include economic and non economic aspects such as income, employment, taxes, education, safety/crime rates, population (or population density), and elderly population rate. Based on these factors, the following empirical models are set up to do the regression analysis. A linear fixed-effect model is the conceptual model for this paper, instead of random effect model, because only individuals of the sample obtained are focused on and inferences are drawn restricted to these individuals within the sample (Baltagi, 2005). In other words, the linear fixed-effect model is an appropriate specification for this paper because the sample selected in this paper includes all the counties in Tennessee so that the sample is not randomly selected. Also, only those counties in Tennessee are focused on, and inferences are drawn restricted to those counties in Tennessee. Furthermore, Hausman tests are conducted in the next section to confirm that fixed-effect models should be used instead of random effect models (Baltagi, 2005). Two groups of linear fixed-effect empirical models are used to do the regression analysis. The dependent variable for the first group is in migration rate (per 100 persons) of the 60-plus cohort, which is interpreted as a percentage; and the dependent variable for the second group is in migration rate (per 100 persons) of the 67-plus cohort, which is interpreted as a percentage. The independent variables for the two groups include percentage of people with 65-plus over the whole population, percentage share of police expenditure over total expenditure, percentage share of highway expenditure over total expenditure, percentage of white people over the whole population, percentage of population with high school degree over the whole population, medium family income, property tax assessment, employment, population or population density, county dummy, and year dummies. Data is county level and collected through US Census Bureau. The data includes ninety-five counties in Tennessee for five years of 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992, and 2002 (see table 2 for data statistics summary). Also, the data is balanced except that in migration rate (per 100 persons) of the 67-plus cohort for 2002 cannot be obtained. 475 observations are used to be regressed for the first group of models and 380 observations are used to be regressed for the second group since data for 2002 has to be dropped for the second group. Stata software is applied to do the regression for the two groups of fixed-effect models. The results indicate that the elderly in-migration rate is positively correlated to the share of elderly people over the whole population, the rate of people with high school degree, medium family income, and population (or population density). Also, it is no difference in terms of the results either population or population density is used as one of the independent variables. County governors could make appropriate strategies or policies to pull those elderly in according to the results by improving amenities or life quality for elderly in each county. The weakness of this paper is that it is hard to test the endogeneity of independent variables because 1) there is no instrumental variables so that the hausman test result calculated from the difference between the original model and 2SLS cannot be conducted; and 2) it is hard to get all the factors out of the error term as explanatory variables and as a result, it is difficult not to allow correlation between the explanatory variables and unobserved factors in the error term.Elderly In-Migrants, Fixed-Effect Model, and Tennessee, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Demand Analysis for Shrimp in the United States

This paper analyzes the demand for shrimp along with beef, pork, and chicken in the US food market, which contributes much to predicting supply strategies, consumer preferences and policy making. It focuses on the own and cross relationship between the expenditure share and price, income changes. An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDs) model and two alternative specifications are used to estimate a system of expenditure share equations for shrimp, beef, pork, and chicken. Empirical results indicated that some insignificant slope coefficients and inappropriate signs of them did not comply with microeconomic theory. This could be caused by heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, a limitation in the data used, or shrimp is a commodity that is quite different.expenditure share, own and cross relationship, Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDs), heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation, Demand and Price Analysis,

What is fair enough? Reconciling complementors’ needs for fairness management on digital platforms

Digital platforms (DPs) provide individuals with alternative opportunities for earning incomes, attracting skyrocketing individuals to work as DP complementors. This gives rise to the superior power of DP owners by which complementors can be treated unfairly while they are vulnerable to seeking redress as they are legally autonomous from the underlying DPs. Unfair DP treatment can threaten complementors’ survival and be detrimental to the DP’s long-term development. Yet, there is a lack of a holistic understanding of the fairness perceived by DP complementors and their fairness needs can be addressed by DP owners. To address these gaps, we conducted a case study of complementors on content platforms (i.e., content creators) by accounting for their perceptions of DP fairness. Our study contributes to the DP fairness literature by 1) generating a holistic understanding of the DP fairness perceived by complementors, and 2) developing fairness-addressing actions that can be adopted by DPs

A critical review and comparative analysis of cost management on prefabricated construction research (2000–2022)

Prefabrication construction has gained attention in the construction industry. The cost of prefabrication has got mixed reviews. Cost management in prefabricated construction (CMPC) includes many cost considerations such as initial design costs, supply chain cost considerations, maintenance costs and assembly costs. These costs are inter-linked and thorough understanding on cost management is essential. It is important to develop a holistic cost management system to capture all the economic, social and environmental aspects of prefabricated construction. The aim of this research is to conduct as a critical review and analysis of cost management in prefabricated construction holistically. The literature review selected 63 articles for this research study from 2000 to 2022. The research showed that there is an uptake in research on this research area since 2005. The study identified four main research categories in CMPC namely 1) cost estimating, 2) cost optimization, 3) economic performance and 4) cost management models. Previous studies mostly focused on estimating costs and comparison studies with conventional construction. Recently studies focused more on developing cost model to integrate supply chains and other considerations into cost evaluation. Based on the literature review, there are several future directions in CMPC. Cost estimating should now focus on identifying the effect of each cost determinant in project scenarios to provide more accurate results. Future studies are also expected to focus on BIM and big-data based optimization models. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Six Years Later: Examining the Academic and Employment Outcomes of the Original and Reinstated Summer Pell

While the Pell Grant covers a substantial proportion of college tuition for low-income students, it has covered only two full-time semesters per year and has not included any support for summer courses through most of its history. As research has shown that continuous enrollment throughout the year increases college persistence and completion, the summer Pell (SP) program was added during the summer of 2009 and allowed eligible low-income students to receive an additional grant for summer tuition and eligible costs. The SP was eliminated in 2011 and then restored in 2017. Using administrative data on community college students in New York City, the authors’ difference-in-differences analysis results from both periods show that SP-eligible students had a higher retention rate in the fall of the second year, had higher associate and bachelor’s degree attainment rates, and had higher earnings gains up to nine years from college entry compared to SP-ineligible students. Heterogeneous analysis indicates that the SP benefits were driven by Black students and older students

An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya

Cherangani hills, located in Western Kenya, comprises of 12 forest blocks, maintaining great plant diversity. However, little attention to plant diversity studies has been paid to it in the past years. Here, we present a checklist of the vascular plants of this region obtained through intensive field investigations and matching of herbarium specimens. In total, 1296 species, including 17 endemic species are documented, belonging to 130 families and 608 genera. This flora represents 18.50%, 43.83% and 54.17% of the Kenyan species, genera and families, respectively. The habit, habitat and voucher specimens, as well as brief notes on the distribution of each taxon recorded are presented in this checklist. It is the first exhaustive inventory of the terrestrial vascular plants in Cherangani hills which is a significant regional centre for plant diversity

C-MYC Targeting by Degradation: Novel Dual c-Myc/GSPT1 Degrader GT19715 Exerts Profound Cell Kill in vitro and in vivo in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Lymphomas

View full abstracthttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/leading-edge/1020/thumbnail.jp

Distinct transcriptomic response to Newcastle disease virus infection during heat stress in chicken tracheal epithelial tissue

Newcastle disease (ND) has a great impact on poultry health and welfare with its most virulent (velogenic) strain. In addition, issues exacerbated by the increase in global temperatures necessitates a greater understanding of the host immune response when facing a combination of biotic and abiotic stress factors in poultry production. Previous investigations have revealed that the host immune response is tissue-specific. The goal of this study was to identify genes and/or signaling pathways associated with immune response to NDV (Newcastle disease virus) in the trachea, an essential organ where NDV replicate after the infection, by profiling the tissue specific transcriptome response in two genetically distinct inbred chicken lines when exposed to both abiotic and biotic stressors. Fayoumis appear to be able to respond more effectively (lower viral titer, higher antibody levels, immune gene up-regulation) and earlier than Leghorns. Our results suggest NDV infection in Fayoumis appears to elicit proinflammatory processes, and pathways such as the inhibition of cell viability, cell proliferation of lymphocytes, and transactivation of RNA, more rapidly than in Leghorns. These differences in immune response converge at later timepoints which may indicate that Leghorns eventually regulate its immune response to infection. The profiling of the gene expression response in the trachea adds to our understanding of the chicken host response to NDV infection and heat stress on a whole genome level and provides potential candidate genes and signaling pathways for further investigation into the characterization of the time-specific and pathway specific responses in Fayoumis and Leghorns

Herbal Dietary Supplements: Safety, Efficacy, and Use by Breast Cancer Survivors

Gemstone Team IMAC (Integrative Medicine and Cancer)Herbal dietary supplements (HDS) are widely used in complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine, but data on attitudes, behavior, safety, and efficacy are lacking. Using mixed methods, we administered an online survey to >1,000 breast cancer survivors to investigate HDS practices and perceptions and performed in vitro studies assessing the efficacy and toxicity of actein, a bioactive component of the HDS black cohosh (Actaea racemosa). Among cancer survivors, curcumin, flaxseed, and green tea were reported as the most frequently used HDS. Many subjects increased HDS intake after diagnosis and sought web-based information on HDS. In human breast cancer (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2/C3A) cell lines, actein had anti-proliferative and anti-estrogenic effects and did not exhibit hepatotoxicity or affect the action of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Evaluation of Curcumin-Loaded Nanoliposomes for the Treatment and Prevention of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of vision loss for people age 50 and over, is a disease characterized by the buildup of oxidative stress in the back of the eye. Current remedies are limited to intravitreal injections that only target the more severe ‘wet’ form; the common ‘dry’ form has no readily available pharmaceutical solution. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant found in the Indian spice turmeric, has shown potential in combating inflammatory diseases like AMD; however, the molecule also demonstrates poor bioavailability. This research aimed to create curcumin-loaded nanoliposomes (NLs) to be delivered noninvasively to potentially treat and prevent the onset of AMD. The 220 nm NLs were composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol through vacuum evaporation, rehydration, and extrusion. Our curcuminloaded NLs were assessed using an in vitro oxidative stress model of ARPE-19 cells. MTT cell viability assay results show that the liposomal curcumin complex has been able to improve cell viability with respect to the untreated cells (28% more viable, p < 0.05), and cells that were damaged with peroxide (50% more viable, p < 0.05). As a preventative measure, the liposomal curcumin complex has been able to improve cell viability with respect to untreated cells (55% more viable, p < 0.05). Ex vivo modeling tested the permeability of the nanoliposomes to the posterior hemisphere of a porcine eye with a Franz diffusion cell apparatus. Qualitative fluorescence analysis shows that the nanoliposomes were able to permeate through different layers of the eye and reach the retina. In vitro studies with RPE cells show the treatment significantly reduces oxidative stress in cells while increasing cell viability, thus indicating that curcumin has potential to both treat and prevent AMD