Práticas de literacia familiar em benguela (angola): Um estudo exploratório.

As investigações mostram que a aprendizagem da linguagem escrita começa muito antes do ensino formal e que as práticas e o ambiente de literacia familiar influenciam a literacia emergente e o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita. Mas, se estes estudos são desenvolvidos no Ocidente, em África pouco se tem feito e em Angola não se conhece nenhum estudo. Com base nos estudos existentes, em diversos contextos culturais, verifica-se que a literacia familiar existe, podendo as práticas variar no tipo e frequência uma vez que o que se passa num contexto, pode não ser igual ao que se passa noutra realidade cultural diferente. Neste sentido este trabalho, procura caraterizar as práticas e o ambiente familiar de literacia em 11 famílias de Benguela com um filho a frequentar o início da escolaridade. Os dados foram recolhidos através de uma entrevista informal aos pais. Os resultados mostram que as práticas de literacia familiar são essencialmente práticas formais, muito ligadas à escola e às tarefas escolares. No mesmo sentido verificámos que a responsabilidade pela aprendizagem da linguagem escrita é atribuída à escola, e a explicadores. Apesar de surgirem algumas referências do uso da literacia associado a práticas religiosas, poucas referências foram feitas a práticas informais ou lúdicas. Foi clara a quase inexistência de materiais de leitura (jornais, livros, revistas) para além dos escolares. A falta de tempo, a escassez de bibliotecas públicas e livrarias, a falta dos recursos financeiras para aquisição do material de literacia e a iliteracia foram apontados como obstáculos para o desenvolvimento de outro tipo de práticasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbial Structures, Functions, and Metabolic Pathways in Wastewater Treatment Bioreactors Revealed Using High-Throughput Sequencing

The objective of this study was to explore microbial community structures, functional profiles, and metabolic pathways in a lab-scale and a full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors. In order to do this, over 12 gigabases of metagenomic sequence data and 600,000 paired-end sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were generated with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, using DNA extracted from activated sludge in the two bioreactors. Three kinds of sequences (16S rRNA gene amplicons, 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from metagenomic sequencing, and predicted proteins) were used to conduct taxonomic assignments. Specially, relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were analyzed. Compared with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), metagenomic sequencing was demonstrated to be a better approach to quantify AOA and AOB in activated sludge samples. It was found that AOB were more abundant than AOA in both reactors. Furthermore, the analysis of the metabolic profiles indicated that the overall patterns of metabolic pathways in the two reactors were quite similar (73.3% of functions shared). However, for some pathways (such as carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport), the two reactors differed in the number of pathway-specific genes

Significantly Improving Lithium-Ion Transport via Conjugated Anion Intercalation in Inorganic Layered Hosts

Layered hydroxides (LHs) have emerged as an important class of functional materials owing to their unusual physicochemical properties induced by various intercalated species. While both the electrochemistry and interlayer engineering of the materials have been reported, the role of interlayer engineering in improving the Li-ion storage of these materials remains unclear. Here, we rationally introduce pillar ions with conjugated anion dicarboxylate groups, cobalt oxalate ions ([CoOx₂]^2–), into the interlayers of Co­(OH)₂ nanosheets [denoted as I-Co­(OH)₂ NSs]. The pillar ion guarantees excellent structural stability, high electrical conductivity, and accelerated Li-ion diffusion. The structure delivers high-rate cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries. This work provides insights for the design of LH-based high-performance electrode materials by a rational interlayer-engineering strategy

Human Gut Microbiota Changes Reveal the Progression of Glucose Intolerance

<div><p>To explore the relationship of gut microbiota with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we analyzed 121 subjects who were divided into 3 groups based on their glucose intolerance status: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 44), prediabetes (Pre-DM; n = 64), or newly diagnosed T2DM (n = 13). Gut microbiota characterizations were determined with 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing. T2DM-related dysbiosis was observed, including the separation of microbial communities and a change of alpha diversity between the different glucose intolerance statuses. To assess the correlation between metabolic parameters and microbiota diversity, clinical characteristics were also measured and a significant association between metabolic parameters (FPG, CRP) and gut microbiota was found. In addition, a total of 28 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found to be related to T2DM status by the Kruskal-Wallis H test, most of which were enriched in the T2DM group. Butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g. <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> ATCCBAA-835, and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> L2-6) had a higher abundance in the NGT group than in the pre-DM group. At genus level, the abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i> in the T2DM group was only half that of the NGT and Pre-DM groups. Previously reported T2DM-related markers were also compared with the data in this study, and some inconsistencies were noted. We found that <i>Verrucomicrobiae</i> may be a potential marker of T2DM as it had a significantly lower abundance in both the pre-DM and T2DM groups. In conclusion, this research provides further evidence of the structural modulation of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of diabetes.</p></div

General Facet-Controlled Synthesis of Single-Crystalline {010}-Oriented LiMPO₄ (M = Mn, Fe, Co) Nanosheets

Facet-controlled synthesis of phospho-olivine (LiMPO₄, M = Mn, Fe, Co) cathode materials is of particular interest to manipulate their electrochemical properties because of their anisotropic ionic transport behavior. This study provides a general facet-controlled synthesis of single-crystalline LiMPO₄ (M = Mn, Fe, Co) nanosheets with significantly large exposure of (010)-facets, which has not been readily achieved by conventional solution-based coprecipitation or solid-reaction methods. The as-obtained nanosheets show controllable thickness with the thinnest thickness down to 15–20 nm and lateral dimension up to ∼5 μm. Due to the shortened lithium ion diffusion pathway and high ratio of active surface enabled by the thin thickness, the as-prepared LiFePO₄ nanosheets, as a model material, demonstrate greatly improved rate capability and cycling stability, with a reversible capacity of ∼80 mA h g^–1 at a current rate of 30 C and a stable capacity retention of ∼93% after 500 cycles at a current rate of 5 C. Further electrochemical analysis reveals an enhanced interfacial lithium ion diffusion of the nanosheets, suggesting that facet-controlled 2D LiMPO₄ nanosheets are a promising material platform for next-generation high-rate lithium-ion batteries

Additional file 1: Table S1. of AZGP1 inhibits soft tissue sarcoma cells invasion and migration

Primers sequence. The primer names and sequence for Q-PCR analysis of ZAG and recombinant plasmid construct were listed in the table. (DOC 34 kb

Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of the similarity of microbiota (OTUs) between the NGT, Pre-DM, and T2DM groups.

<p>Data for NGT (n = 44), Pre-DM (n = 64) and T2DM (n = 13) subjects were plotted on the first two principal components of the OTU profiles. The first 2 components (contributing 19.5% of variance) were plotted. Lines connect individuals belonging to the same group and colored circles cover individuals near the center of gravity for each cluster (<1.5<i>σ</i>). The top 7 OTUs (labeled with their annotations) for the main contributors to these groups were determined and plotted by their loadings for these 2 components. PCA was performed with R package ‘ade4’. OTU = operational taxonomic unit.</p

Characteristics of the subjects with NGT, prediabetes and T2DM.

a<p>Median (interquartile range).</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05 for Pre-DM vs NGT;</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.05 for T2DM vs NGT;</p>‡<p><i>P</i><0.05 for T2DM vs Pre-DM.</p><p>BMI = body mass index; CPR = C-reactive protein; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FINS = fasting insulin; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 2HINS = 2-hour insulin concentration; 2HPG = 2-hour plasma glucose concentration; IR = insulin resistance index; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT = normal glucose tolerance; Pre-DM = prediabetes; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG = triglyceride.</p

PERMANOVA tests of associations between clinical parameters and microbiota composition (adjusted for age, gender and BMI).

<p>BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; PERMANOVA = permutational multivariate analysis of variance.</p

Effects of Acarbose on the Gut Microbiota of Prediabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Crossover Trial

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