А clinical case of thrombosis in a teenager in the post COVID-19 period

The article presents a case of a fatal outcome of a 15-year-old teenager with cerebral vascular thrombosis, which developed in the post COVID-19 period. The young man came in with complaints of headache, vomiting, photophobia, hyperacusis. It was known that at an early age he had been operated on for the Arnold – Chiari anomaly, had a subdural-peritoneal shunt. Two weeks before hospitalization, he suffered a new coronavirus infection of mild severity, which was confirmed by a positive analysis of a smear from the oropharynx by polymerase chain reaction. Cephalgia was acute, stopped for a short time after the use of analgesics. During the examination, the patient laid with his eyes closed, asked for silence and blackout in the ward. Any movement of the head was accompanied by dizziness, headache, vomiting. During an objective examination, no pathological changes were found on the part of the internal organs. The neurological status was determined by photophobia, double vision, asymmetric face, asymmetry of the eye slits S > D, drooping of the left corner of the mouth, nystagmus, hyperacusis. There was no rigidity of the occipital muscles. Meningeal signs were negative. There were no pelvic disorders. According to the laboratory examination, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytosis, acceleration of ESR, moderate increase in ferritin, D-dimers were detected. Conducted neuroimaging methods (MSCT of the brain with intravenous contrast, brain MRI, ultrasound diagnostics of cerebral vessels) did not find any blood clots in intracranial and extracranial vessels. Low-positive values of IgM antibodies to cardiolipin were revealed. According to the results of polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism G20210A was detected in the prothrombin gene. The patient received high-dose glucocorticoids and heparin for treatment. Despite the therapy, a month and a half after hospitalization, the teenager died from thrombosis of the central venous sinuses (cavernous sinus on the left, transverse sinuses, jugular veins), which were confirmed on autopsy. This clinical case of venous sinus thrombosis in a teenager in the post COVID-19 period presented diagnostic difficulties, since accurate imaging methods did not detect the presence of a blood clot in the cerebral vessels

RESEARCH OF ABUSE ABILITIES IN DECENTRALIZED NETWORKS WITH REWARD DISTRIBUTION

The problem of abuse by community of free-ride users in decentralized networks with reward distribution is considered. Various structures for organizing nodes of a decentralized network belonging to the community of free-ride users, which can be used to obtain the greatest benefit in reward distributing in the network, are proposed. To compare the proposed structures, simulation of reward distribution was used. After analyzing the results of experiments, it was concluded that combining the nodes belonging to community of free-ride users into a structure of the “Generalized Ring” type with a sufficiently large number of nodes gives the best results from all the proposed structures.Key words: decentralized networks, P2P, abuse, free-ride users, reward distribution, author, subscriber.Анищенко К.М.; кандидат технических наук, доцент, Жданова Е.Г.; Скорик В.А., кандидат технических наук, доцент, Сперкач М.О., Исследование возможностей злоупотреблений в децентрализованных сетях с распределением награды/ Национальный технический университет Украины «Киевский политехнический институт имени Игоря Сикорского», Украина, г. КиевРассмотрена проблема злоупотреблений со стороны сообщества free-ride пользователей в децентрализованных сетях с распределением награды. Предложены разные структуры организации узлов децентрализованной сети, принадлежащих сообществу free-ride пользователей, которые могут быть использованы с целью получения наибольшей выгоды при распределении наград в сети. Для сравнения предложенных структур было проведено моделирование распределения наград. В результате анализа результатов экспериментов сделано выводы о том, что объединение узлов, принадлежащих сообществу free-ride пользователей в структуру типа «Обобщенное кольцо» при достаточно большом количестве узлов дает наилучшие результаты из всех предложенных структур.Ключевые слова: децентрализованные сети, P2P, злоупотребления, free-ride пользователи, распределение наград, автор, подписчик

Special aspects of managers and employees’ responsibility structure

The relevance of the research problem due to the fact that society needs people who are able to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their choices, but often there are situations when leaders are not able to delegate responsibility, and employees in turn do not want to take it. The article aims to study the differences in the structure of responsibility of managers and employees’ responsibility, analysis of interrelations of components of responsibility with motivation. Leading methods to the study of this problem is a psycho-diagnostic method and method of mathematical statistics (Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis - multivariate statistical method used for studying relationships between values of variables). Processing of empirical data was conducted using SPSS programs. In the result of the study obtained significant differences in the structure of managers and employees’ responsibility described the relationship of components of responsibility with motivation. The article can be useful to psychologists, staff managers and administrative managers. © 2016 Mukhlynina et al

Virulence potential of faecal <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from healthy cows and calves on farms in Perm Krai

Cattle are a reservoir of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, which can pose a threat to human and animal health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of 22 virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance and three different bla-genes among 49 E. coli strains isolated from healthy cattle. The presence of VAGs that are common among diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains and/or extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains was determined by amplifying specific gene sequences by PCR. The following VAGs associated with DEC were found: east1 in 24.5 % of the studied E. coli strains, estI in 10.2 %, ehxA in 8.2 %, stx2 in 6.1 %, eltA in 4.1 %, estII and stx1 in 2.0 % of the studied strains. The prevalence of ExPEC VAGs was: fimH – 91.8 %, afa/draBC – 61.2 %, iutA – 44.9 %, flu – 32.7 %, sfaDE and hlyF – 30.6 %, iroN – 22.4 %, ompT and papC – 20.4 %, kpsMTII and hlyA – 18.4 %, iss – 14.3 %, usp – 2.0 %, cnf1 and iha were not detected among the studied strains. Based on the found co-occurrence of VAGs “classical”, hetero-pathogenic and hybrid-pathogenic E. coli strains were found. E. coli strains isolated from cows had a higher diarrheagenic potential, whereas E. coli strains isolated from calves more frequently contained genes associated with the ExPEC pathotype. Among the studied E. coli strains, 77.6 % were resistant to ampicillin, 49.0 % to tetracycline, 20.4 % to chloramphenicol, 16.3 % to cefoperazone, 16.3 % to ceftriaxone, 16.3 % to aztreonam, 14.3 % to cefepime, 10.2 % to norfloxacin, 10.2 % to ciprofloxacin, 6.1 % to levofloxacin and 2.0 % to gentamicin. All strains were sensitive to meropenem and amikacin. 32.7 % of the studied E. coli strains were found to be multidrug resistant, as they were resistant to at least three groups of antibiotics. With PCR, the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 100, 31.6, and 26.3 %, respectively, of strains resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, it was shown that the studied faecal E. coli of healthy cows and calves had a high hetero-pathogenic potential, therefore in the future molecular genetic characterization of these bacteria shall be an important part of the epizootic monitoring

Analysis of tuberculosis sick rate in Siberian federal district

The paper presents the materials of the complex epidemiological evaluation of tuberculosis process by its main indicators (incident cases, prevalence and mortality) in the Siberian Federal district over the period of 2002-2014. The ranking of the territories included in the Siberian Federal district was performed by the integral index. That allowed to identify three groups of territories by the level of intensity of TB epidemiological process (favorable, typical, unfavorable). The most favorable epidemiological situation was registered in Tomsk region, the most unfavorable one - in the Republic of Tuva

HYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BEIJING LINEAGE IN MONGOLIA

Background. Mongolia is one of the seven countries in Western Pacific regions with high burden of tuberculosis. The earlier research indicates that there is a difference in the distribution of some epidemiologically important subtypes of the Beijing lineage in Mongolia and adjacent Russian regions. Aim of the research: assessment of genotypic structure of M. tuberculosis (MBT) on the border of Russia and central regions of Mongolia. Materials and methods: The DNAs of 143 clinical isolates of MBT from Russian border (46.2 %) and central (53.8 %) regions of Mongolia have been genotyped by the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR and RD105/RD207. Strains of the Beijing lineage have been analyzed additionally according to the classification by Merker et al. (2015). Results. The study of MBT in Mongolia indicates significant predominance of strains of the Beijing lineage (79.0 %) and Beijing MIT 17 subtype (72.6 %). However, the strains of the Beijing subtype W148, widespread in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia, have not been noted in Mongolia. According to the classification by M. Merker et al., the majority of studied strains of the Beijing lineage (85.8 %) relate to the clonal complexe CC4, infrequently detected in Russian border regions. Statistically significant differences between distribution of clonal complexes among border with Russia and central regions of Mongolia have not been detected. Conclusions. Strains of the clonal complex CC4 of Beijing lineage dominate in central and border to Russia regions of Mongolia, this allows assuming that the different geographical regions were sources of MBT strains, prevalent in Mongolia and adjacent Russian regions

Selective Brain Hypothermia in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Consciousness Disorders

Aim: to evaluate clinical effectiveness of selective hypothermia of cerebral cortex for the recovery of awareness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (CDC).   Material and methods. 111 patients with CDC 30 and more days after a cerebral event (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, brain injury) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were anoxic brain injury (sequelae of a prolonged asystole or asphyxia), active sepsis, arrhythmia, baseline hypothermia (body temperature lower than 35.5 °С). Experimental group included 60 patients, of them 39 patients were in a vegetative state (VS), 21 patients exhibited patterns of minimally conscious state (MCS). Control group incluted 51 patients, of them 32 patients were in VS and 19 patients were in MCS. Patients in the experimental group received 10 sessions (120 minutes each) of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) during the 14-days follow-up period. Patients of both groups received standard identical neurological treatment and rehabilitation procedures. Patients in the control group did not undergo brain hypothermia. The induction of SBH involved cooling of the whole surface of the craniocerebral area of scalp using special helmets. The temperature of the internal surface of the helmet was 3–7 °С. Temperature of the frontal lobes of the cortex was monitored with non-invasive microwave radiothermometry, axillary temperature was also registered. The level of consciousness was evaluated using «Coma Recovery Scale-Revised» (CRS-R) scale.   Results. 120-minutes long SBH session reduced the temperature of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex by 2.4–3.1 °С with no impact on the axillary temperature. Evaluation using CRS-R revealed improvement in all studied functions (auditory, visual, motor, oromotor, communication, arousal) in patients in the experimental group after 10 SBH sessions. Level of consciousness in patients from the experimental group in VS increased from 4.5 ± 0.33 to 8.7 ± 0.91 points (P &lt; 0.001), for patients in MCS from 11.3 ± 1.0 to 18.2 ± 0.70 (P &lt; 0.001) points. In the control group, scores of patients in VS rose from 4.3 ± 0.37 to 6.8 ± 0.49 (P &lt; 0.001) points with the most significant changes in auditory and visual functions (P&lt;0.001). In the control group of patients in MCS the oromotor function improved (P &lt; 0.05), overall CRS-R scores changed insignificantly from 9.1 ± 0.57 to 10.1 ± 0.86 (P &lt; 0.1). The best outcome (CRS-R &gt; 19 points) was seen in patients from the experimental group [6 in VS (15.4 %) and 8 in MCS (31.8 %)]. In the control group, the best results did not exceed 10 points for the patents in VS, while 4 patients in MCS (21 %) reached 12–16 scores. During 30-day follow-up period of hospitalization after the SBH sessions mortality rate was 10 % (6 patients) in the experimental group and 21.6% (11 patients) in the control group.   Conclusion. Patients with CDC could benefit from serial SBH sessions performed as a part of comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation strategy. We suggest that selective reduction of frontal lobe temperature improves neurogenesis, neuronal regeneration, and neuroplasticity

Model of Informational and Cyber Security Synthetic Learning Environment Step-by-Step Implementation

The paper is devoted to the creation and improvement of the informational and cyber security learning environment for using the latest informational technologies and innovative teaching methods. The issues of informational and cyber security education in Ukraine are considered. The requirements to the modern educational environment of the higher education institution are determined. The stages of step-by-step improvement of the traditional closed learning environment with the use of the learning management system to the network learning environment with the possibilities of further step-by-step virtualization and transition to the cloud are offered. The importance and expediency of creating a synthetic online learning environment with extensive use of open educational resources (cloud and mobile) to increase the competence of students in the field of informational and cyber security has been confirmed. The article considers the forms of organization of the educational process, modern methods, tools and teaching aids for the synthetic educational environment of higher education. Taking into account the results of research in the psychological and pedagogical literature and their own experience, the amount of theoretical and practical knowledge for the formation of students' specialized knowledge and skills to protect informational in cyberspace was defined. The comparative analysis of resources of open informational and educational space is carried out, selection criteria are defined and the technique of their use is offered. A model of continuous step-by-step improvement of the network learning environment with a gradual transition to an open, personalized, virtual, cloud-oriented, synthetic learning environment with a distance form of learning is proposed. It is proved that innovative educational technologies, open informational and educational resources, cloud and mobile services related to data protection, allow to train labour market in-demand specialists with practical skills of informational protection. The practical implementation of the proposed method was carried out on the basis of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and Borys Grinchenko University of Kyiv.Стаття присвячена питанню створення та вдосконалення навчального середовища з інформаційної та кібернетичної безпеки з використанням новітніх інформаційних технологій та інноваційних методів навчання. Розглянуто питання освіти з інформаційної та кібернетичної безпеки в Україні. Визначені вимоги до сучасного навчального середовища закладу вищої освіти. Запропоновані етапи покрокового вдосконалення традиційного закритого навчального середовища з використанням системи управління навчанням до мережевого навчального середовищам з можливостями подальшої поетапної віртуалізації та переходу у хмари. Підтверджена важливість і доцільність створення синтетичного навчального онлайн-середовища з широким використанням відкритих освітніх ресурсів (хмарних і мобільних) для підвищення компетентності студентів в області інформаційної та кібербезпеки. У статті розглядаються форми організації освітнього процесу, сучасні методи, інструменти та засоби навчання для синтетичного навчального середовища закладу вищої освіти. З урахуванням результатів досліджень в психолого-педагогічній літературі та власного багаторічного досвіду роботи визначено обсяг теоретичних і практичних знань для формування у студентів спеціалізованих знань і навичок щодо захисту інформації в кіберпросторі. Проведений порівняльний аналіз ресурсів відкритого інформаційно-освітнього простору, визначені критерії вибору і запропонована методика їх використання. Запропоновано модель неперервного поетапного вдосконалення мережевого навчального середовища з поступовим переходом до відкритого, персоніфікованого, віртуального, хмаро орієнтованого, синтетичного навчального середовища з дистанційною формою навчання. Доведено, що інноваційні освітні технології, відкриті інформаційно освітні ресурси, хмарні та мобільні сервіси, пов'язані із захистом даних, дозволяють підготувати затребуваних на ринку праці фахівців з практичними навичками захисту інформації. Практична реалізація запропонованої методики проводилася на базі Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка та Київського університету імені Бориса Грінченка.Статья посвящена вопросу создания и усовершенствования обучающей среды по информационной и кибернетической безопасности с использованием новейших информационных технологий и инновационных методов обучения. Рассмотрены вопросы образования по информационной и кибернетической безопасности в Украине. Определены требования к современной обучающей среде высшего учебного заведения. Предложены этапы пошагового совершенствования традиционной закрытой обучающей среды с использованием системы управления обучением к сетевой обучающей среде с возможностями дальнейшей поэтапной виртуализации и перехода в облака. Подтверждена важность и целесообразность создания синтетической обучающей онлайн-среды с широким использованием открытых образовательных ресурсов (облачных и мобильных) для повышения компетентности студентов в области информационной и кибербезопасности. В статье рассматриваются формы организации образовательного процесса, современные методы, инструменты и средства обучения для синтетической обучающей среды высшего учебного заведения. С учетом результатов исследований в психолого-педагогической литературе и собственного многолетнего опыта работы определен объём теоретических и практических знаний для формирования у студентов специализированных знаний и навыков защиты информации в киберпространстве. Проведён сравнительный анализ ресурсов открытого информационно-образовательного пространства, определены критерии выбора и предложена методика их использования. Предложена модель непрерывного поэтапного усовершенствования сетевой обучающей среды с постепенным переходом к открытой, персонифицированной, виртуальной, облако ориентированной, синтетической обучающей среде с дистанционной формой обучения. Доказано, что инновационные образовательные технологии, открытые информационно-образовательные ресурсы, облачные и мобильные сервисы, связанные с защитой данных, позволяют подготовить востребованных на рынке труда специалистов с практическими навыками защиты информации. Практическая реализация предлагаемой методики проводилась на базе Киевского национального университета имени Тараса Шевченко и Киевского университета имени Бориса Гринченко

Molecular epidemiology of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia: two independent dissemination processes for dominant strains

Mongolia and Russia are among the countries with the high tuberculosis (TB) burden. The prevalence of tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR), in Eastern Siberia bordering Mongolia is significantly higher than in the European part of Russia. In addition, unlike Mongolia, Eastern Siberia is characterized by a high prevalence of HIV infection. The cross-border spread of socially significant infections in these countries seems to occur due to their wide-range cooperation and cultural exchange. Whereas the HIV infection has no epidemiological significance for Mongolia at the moment, tuberculosis, however, has a similar prevalence on both sides of the border. The aim was to evaluate the cross-border MDR M. tuberculosis distribution in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia by using molecular genetic data. Materials and methods. A total of 1045 M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Mongolia (291) and the three regions of Eastern Siberia (754) were studied by using the MIRU-VNTR-24 loci genotyping. The CC2/W148 and CC1 subtypes were identified by the specific deletion in the kdpD gene and SNP in the pks17 gene at position 1887060, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of MIRU-VNTR patterns was carried out by generating UPGMA tree and maximum likelihood tree. Results. The Beijing genotype was found in 75.3% (219/291) and 69.0% (520/754) from Mongolian and East Siberian collection, respectively. Common minor genotypes were LAM (11.0% and 15.1%), T (10.3% and 4.5%), and Haarlem (1.4% and 2.4%) found in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia, respectively. The genotypes S (1.3%) and Ural (5.0%) were found solely in the Russia-derived samples. The main epidemic Beijing subtypes in each country belonged to different clonal complexes (CC): the majority of Mongolian Beijing strains displayed profiles 342-32, 3819-32, 1773-32 MLVA types and belonged to the CC4 subtype; Russian Beijing strains mainly belonged to the CC1 (43.7% — 227/520) and CC2/W148 (34.8% — 181/520) subtypes. The MDR level and distribution patterns differed significantly between Mongolia and Eastern Siberia. Modeling of Beijing strain expansion evidences about extremely subtle contribution of the M. tuberculosis cross-border transmission between Mongolia and Russia. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Beijing CC4 subtype evolution in Mongolia suggests that its distribution is primarily associated with China and other countries of the Western Pacific Region. Three main phylogenetic branches of CC4 subtype were traced, which probably spread throughout Mongolia in the 11—12th centuries. It may be assumed that spreading of the epidemic Beijing CC4 subtype might occur in two stages: early period — emergence of ancestral CC4 variants in Mongolia or their introduction from China (they are homologous to the strains preserved in the Chinese population), later period — dissemination due to the active exchange of M. tuberculosis with countries of Southeast Asia, but not Russia. Conclusion. Using MIRU-VNTR-24 genotyping as well as classification according to specific single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to certain Beijing subtypes, it allowed to describe separate patterns of the epidemic variants spread in Mongolia and Russia. It has been demonstrated that emergence and spread of MDR-TB in Mongolia are entirely iatrogenic in nature, while the epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype (subtypes CC1 and CC2/W148) contribute markedly into the MDR-TB spreading in Eastern Siberia