Doktrinleşme Sürecindeki İnsani Müdahale: Nato'nun Kosova Müdahalesi ve Koruma Sorumluluğu Kavramı

During the disintegration of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in Kosovo a civil war between Albanian gerilla fighters called Kosovo Liberation Army and Serbian paramilitary forces backed by Serbian police with Yugoslav army started in 1998. After the failure of mediator states and international organizations in preventing war, North Atlantic Treaty Organization had started a military intervention on March 24, 1999 in order to stop the increasing amounts of civilian deaths and attacks. This intervention which started without the permission of United Nations Security Council has argued, during and after, in terms of legal and humanitarian aspects. In this paper, it is mentioned firstly the disagreements, between ethnic-Serbians and ethnic-Albanians, leading the way to the 1998-1999 Kosovo War. After that, main legal and humanitarian arguments about NATO's intervention in Kosovo are examined. Then the evolution of the concept of Responsibility to Protect created by International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001 is explained. In the end, by evaluating the NATO's Kosovo intervention in accordance with Responsibility to Protect's criterion, it is discussed the effect of NATO's intervention in Kosovo on the formation of these criterion and rulesYugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti'nin parçalanma sürecinde, Kosova'da Arnavut milis güçleri Kosova Kurtuluş Ordusu ile Sırp polisi, milisleri ve Yugoslav güvenlik güçleri arasında 1998'de bir iç savaş başladı. Savaşı engellemek için arabuluculuk yapan devletlerin ve uluslararası örgütlerin başarıya ulaşamaması sonucu, artan sivil ölümleri ve gittikçe şiddetlenen saldırıları durdurmak için 24 Mart 1999'da NATO müdahalesi başladı. Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin izni olmadan gerçekleşen müdahale, başlangıcından sonuna kadar ve sonrasında da, hukuki ve insani açılardan tartışıldı. Çalışmada, öncelikle 1998-1999 Kosova Savaşı'na giden süreçte Sırp-Arnavut anlaşmazlıkları ele alındı. Daha sonra NATO'nun Kosova müdahalesine dair başlıca tartışmalar incelendi. Müdahale ve Devlet Egemenliği Uluslararası Komisyonu'nun 2001'de yayınladığı Koruma Sorumluluğu Raporu'ndan ve bu rapor ile oluşturulan Koruma Sorumluluğu kavramının gelişiminden bahsedildikten sonra da, NATO'nun Kosova müdahalesi, Koruma Sorumluluğu kriterlerine göre değerlendirilerek; bu kriterlerin ve kuralların oluşumunda Kosova müdahalesinin etkisi tartışıldı

Clinical and molecular evaluation of MEFV gene variants in the Turkish population: a study by the National Genetics Consortium

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with recurrent fever, abdominal pain, serositis, articular manifestations, erysipelas-like erythema, and renal complications as its main features. Caused by the mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene, it mainly affects people of Mediterranean descent with a higher incidence in the Turkish, Jewish, Arabic, and Armenian populations. As our understanding of FMF improves, it becomes clearer that we are facing with a more complex picture of FMF with respect to its pathogenesis, penetrance, variant type (gain-of-function vs. loss-of-function), and inheritance. In this study, MEFV gene analysis results and clinical findings of 27,504 patients from 35 universities and institutions in Turkey and Northern Cyprus are combined in an effort to provide a better insight into the genotype-phenotype correlation and how a specific variant contributes to certain clinical findings in FMF patients. Our results may help better understand this complex disease and how the genotype may sometimes contribute to phenotype. Unlike many studies in the literature, our study investigated a broader symptomatic spectrum and the relationship between the genotype and phenotype data. In this sense, we aimed to guide all clinicians and academicians who work in this field to better establish a comprehensive data set for the patients. One of the biggest messages of our study is that lack of uniformity in some clinical and demographic data of participants may become an obstacle in approaching FMF patients and understanding this complex disease