Investigation of ABCA1 C69T polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes. Genetic factors, lipid profiles, hypertension are potential risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Adenosine binding cassette transporter proteins 1 (ABCA1) plays a role in cholesterol metabolism, especially high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol). There are multiple mechanisms by which HDL-cholesterol can be atheroprotective, it is clear that the relative activity of ABCA1 plays a major role. We aimed to in-vestigate association of ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism with lipid levels in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods: After isolation of DNA by ethanol precipitation we determined ABCA1 gene polymorphism by using polimerase chain reaction - restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 107 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls. Results: We have observed that the frequency of TT genotype is significantly higher in healthy con-trols compared to patients (14% vs. 3%; P = 0.008). Also frequency of T allele was higher in controls than in patients (34% vs. 21%; P = 0.020; OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.30-0.88)). There was no association of lipid levels and ABCA1 C69T polymorphism subgroups. Conclusion: We have found significantly higher frequency of both T allele and genotype in control group when compared to patients that made us think that T allele may be a protective factor against diabetes mellitus. But, we could not find a relationship between genotypes and lipid concentrations in our two groups. Larger studies will help us to understand the relationship between ABCA1 C69T genotype and lipid parameters in diabetes mellitus

Examination of the Relationship between Certain Gene Variations and Psychological Factors with Physical Activity Level in the Individuals with the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

The research aims to examine certain gene variations and to examine relationship between psychological factors and activity levels by the individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnosis. This research has been conducted with the participation of the patients with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnosis in the Mental Facility of Bursa Dört Çelik at the University of Health Science and all the patients take part in physical exercise activities regularly. During the research, IPAQ has been applied to determine participants’ physical activity levels whereas Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Staı Form TX-I-II, Beck’s Hopelessness Index has been applied to determine their psychological status after socio-demographic information of participants was obtained by demographic form. In order to examine properties of the participants genetically, oral swabs were obtained by SWAP kite. Genetic variations of cases have been recurred as a result of genotyping analysis of MAO-A, COMT, TH and SLC6A4 genes in GenoFeel panel by using isolated DNAs yielded from swap samples. When the results obtained from statistical analysis are analyzed, it has been seen that genetic properties pair with psychological factor meanwhile the characteristics of diseases bear a resemblance to these measurement. It was determined in this research that, genetic factor were matched with psychological factors, these measurement results resembled with the characteristic of diagnosed ailments as well and schizophrenia and bipolar patients have significance in MAO-A and COMT figures, excessive activation of TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) enzyme may also be included in excessive dopamine production, Homozygote mutation and heterozygote genotypes of gene which is related to SLC6A has rational increase whereas no significance was observed in schizophrenia patient’s group. As a consequence it shouldn’t be neglected that exercising should be a part of schizophrenia and bipolar patients’ life, that exercise, genetic parameters and psychological tests have positive contributions for treatments and that medical treatment has positive contributions with exercise

Paslanmaz Çelikler Üzerine Hvof Yöntemi İle Wc Kaplamasının Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Kaplamalar aşınma, sürtünme, korozyon, termal bozulma ve buna benzer olayları önlemek için yüzeye uygulanan iyileştirme yöntemleridir. Kaplamalar, çelik ve alaşımlarının korozyon ve aşınma direncini, yorulma dayanımını, fiziksel özelliklerini artırmak için kullanılırlar. Havacılık, otomotiv, tıp, tekstil, enerji santralleri, demir-çelik sanayisi, kâğıt sanayisi, gemicilik sanayisi ve petrol sanayisi gibi birçok alanda kaplama uygulamalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu tezde altlık malzemesi olarak ostenitik yapıya sahip AISI 304 ve AISI 316 paslanmaz çelik ve martenzitik yapıya sahip AISI 420 paslanmaz çelik seçilmiştir. Kaplama tozu olarak yüksek aşınma direnci gösteren WC/Co seçilmiştir. Kaplama prosesi olarak, kaplama parametrelerinin özel uygulama alanlarında istenildiği gibi ayarlanabilmesi bu çalışmada HVOF yönteminin tercih edilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 420 olmak üzere üç farklı paslanmaz çelik türü üzerine HVOF (Yüksek Hızlı Oksi-Yakıt) yöntemi kullanılarak 150μm, 250μm ve 350μm kalınlıklarında WC/Co kaplanmıştır. Numunelerin yarısı NiCr bağlayıcılı yarısı ise bağlayıcısız olarak üretilmiştir. Kaplanan numuneler metalografik mikroyapısal inceleme, Vickers sertlik ölçümü, yapışma testi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri gibi deneylere tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler sonucunda sertlik değerleri, mikroyapı görüntüleri ve yapışma testi değerlendirmesi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen değerlere göre östenitik paslanmaz çelikler olarak kendi aralarında ve östenitik-martenzitik paslanmaz çelikler olarak karşılaştırılarak değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır

Effects of Mechanical Alloying on Ni-Rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Produced by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Abstract: Although Ni-rich 60 NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) shows superior properties, it is difficult to process due to its high hardness and studies on the manufacturing method are still needed. By the hot isostatic pressing process (HIP), parts close to the net shape are produced and the second operation may no longer be required. In this study, the effects of mechanical alloying on NiTi alloy produced by the HIP process were investigated. The starting powders of the first group were mechanically alloyed. The starting powders of the second group were mechanically mixed. Afterwards, the microstructures, transformation temperatures and some mechanical properties of these two groups were compared. For these examinations, SEM-EDS, XRD, DSC analyzes and microhardness measurement, density measurement by hydrostatic weighing method were performed. The result showed, mechanical alloying causes a more homogeneous microstructure and higher transformation temperatures