The protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids on rat testicular tissue

Objectives: In this study, the protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids on testicular tissue was aimed to investigate at biochemical levels.Materials and methods: Totally, 16 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Rats in Group I were used as control and only saline was given by intragastric gavage. Rats in Group II, 400 mg/kg dose ω-3 fatty acids were given daily by intragastric gavage. At the end of the six-week experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The testicular tissue specimens taken from animals, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. In addition, blood testosterone levels were examined.Results: In our study, ω-3 fatty acids in rats were given a statistically significant increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels were determined when compared to control group. In addition, ω-3 fatty acids in rats given a statistically significant increase in blood testosterone levels were observed.Conclusion: We concluded that ω-3 fatty acid had favorable effects in rat testis tissue by preventing oxidative damage and increasing the level of testosterone

Teleskopik arkus aorta : Marfan sendromunda yeni bir antite

Teleskopik arkus aorta, Marfan sendromunda aortik diseksiyon sonu- cu oluşabilen ve daha önceden rapor edilmemiş bir antitedir. Burada bir adli otopside tespit edilen ve kronik aort diseksiyonuna ikincil ilk teleskopik arkus aorta olgusu bildirilmiştir. 20 yaşında bir erkekte as- sendan aorta rüptüründen kaynaklanan kalp tamponadı sonucu ani ölüm olgusu sunulmuştur. Otopside, serbest ve pıhtılı kandan oluşan 800 cc’lik bir hemoperikardium olduğu dikkati çekmiştir. Assendan torasik aortanın dilate olduğu ve ön duvar mediailinde 1,2 cm’lik tam kat duvar rüptürü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aort muayenesinde, arkus aorta içerisinde bir tüp gibi yerleşmiş ikinci bir arkus aorta olduğu dikkati çekmiştir. İçteki bu ikinci arkın aort kapaklarının 2,5 cm üzeri- nden başladığı ve desseden aorta başlangıcında sonlandığı; ayrıca 10 cm uzunluğunda ve 2 cm çapında olup trunkus brakiosefalikus, sol karotis kommonis ve sol subklavian arterle ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır.Telescopic aortic arch is a consequence of aortic dissection in Marfan’s syndrome, which has not been reported previously. This paper pres- ents the first case of telescopic aortic arch secondary to chronic aortic dissection, as an incidental finding of a forensic autopsy. Here we present a sudden death of a 20 years old male due to cardiac tampon- ade sourcing from the rupture of ascending aorta. At autopsy, there was a haemopericardium of 800 cc, which comprised blood and clot. The ascending thoracic aorta was dilated and a 1.2 cm ragged linear complete rupture was noticed on the medial side of the front wall of ascending aorta. Examination of aorta showed a second/inner aortic arch just as a tube lying inside the aortic arch. The inner aortic arch was arrised 2.5 cm above aortic valves and lasted at the beginning of the descending aorta. It was 10 cm in length with a lumen 2 cm in diameter and was associated with truncus brachiosephalicus, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries

Clinical importance of the lymphatic system

Lenfatik sistem, lenfatik kapillerlerden başlar ve lenf sıvısını lenf damarları, cisterna chyli, ductus thoracicus yoluyla dolaşım sistemine aktarır. Lenfatik sistem lenfatik damar ağını ve lenfatik organları içerir. Lenfatik sistem, dokular arası sıvı dengesinin sağlanmasında, immun savunma sisteminde ve kanserlerin yayılmasında önemli rol oynar.The lymph vascular system begins with lymphatic capillaries and transports the lymphatic fluid via lymphatic vessels, the cysterna chyli and thoracic duct into the blood vascular system. The lymphatic system consists of a network of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs. The lymphatic system plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, in the afferent phase of the immune response, and in the metastatic spread of cancers

Formaldehitin üriner sistem üzerindeki toksik etkileri

Formaldehit suda çok iyi çözünen renksiz, keskin kokulu, organizmanın doğal yapısında da bulunan bir kimyasal maddedir. Formaldehit organizmaya alındıktan sonra karaciğer ve eritrositlerde formik asit’e me- tabolize olur ve vücuttan atılımı ya idrar ve dışkı yoluyla yada solunum yoluyla gerçekleşir. Endüstriyel alanda ve medikal sahada oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan formaldehit’e, bu sektörde çalışan işçiler ol- dukça sık maruz kalırlar. Özellikle anatomistler ve tıp öğrencileri diseksiyon dersleri esnasında formaldehit gazından etkilenirler. Formaldehit’ten tam korunma, bu kimyasalı kullanan sanayi kuruluşları ve laboratuar çalışanları için imkansız olsa da, toksik etkilerini önlemek ve / veya azaltmak için bazı önlemler alınabilir. Bu makalede formaldehit’in üriner sistem üzerine olan toksik etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Formaldehyde is a chemical substance with a pungent odor that is highly soluble in water and occurs natu- rally in organisms. Formaldehyde, when taken into organisms, is metabolized into formic acid in the liver and erythrocytes and is then excreted, either with the urine and feces or via the respiratory system. Form- aldehyde is widely used in the industrial and medical fields, and employees in these sectors are frequently exposed to it. Anatomists and medical students are affected by formaldehyde gas during dissection lessons. Because full protection from formaldehyde is impossible for employees in industrial plants using this chemi- cal and for workers in laboratory conditions, several measures can be implemented to prevent and/or reduce the toxic effects of formaldehyde. In this review, we aimed to identify the toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system

Clinical importance of the lymphatic system

Lenfatik sistem, lenfatik kapillerlerden başlar ve lenf sıvısını lenf damarları, cisterna chyli, ductus thoracicus yoluyla dolaşım sistemine aktarır. Lenfatik sistem lenfatik damar ağını ve lenfatik organları içerir. Lenfatik sistem, dokular arası sıvı dengesinin sağlanmasında, immun savunma sisteminde ve kanserlerin yayılmasında önemli rol oynar.The lymph vascular system begins with lymphatic capillaries and transports the lymphatic fluid via lymphatic vessels, the cysterna chyli and thoracic duct into the blood vascular system. The lymphatic system consists of a network of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs. The lymphatic system plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, in the afferent phase of the immune response, and in the metastatic spread of cancers

Transomental hernia as a rare cause of small intestinal obstruction: a case report

İnternal herniler ince bağırsak obstrüksiyonunun nadir görülen bir nedeni olup insidansı %1’den daha az olarak bildirilmiştir. Transomental herni ise, internal hernilerin nadir rastlanan şekillerinden birisidir. Bu hernilerde içeriğin boğulma ve nekroza kadar giden dolaşım bozukluğu riski nedeniyle zamanında tanı konulması önemlidir. Bu olguda ileus belirtileri nedeniyle ameliyat ettiğimiz transomental herni sunuldu. Kolik tarzında ağrı ile acil servise başvuran 27 yaşındaki bayan hasta, yaklaşık on yıldır tekrarlayan karın ağrısı atakları geçiriyordu. Barsak tıkanıklığı ön tanısı ile yapılan ameliyatta ince bağırsağın omentum majustaki defekten fıtıklaştığı gözlendi. Fıtıklaşan ince barsaklar rezeksiyon yapılmadan redükte edildi. Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyon gelişmeden hasta taburcu edildi. Transomental herniler her nekadar nadir görülse de, genç ve daha önce ameliyat geçirmemiş, ve barsak tıkanıklığı görülen hastaların ayırıcı tanısında akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu hastalarda gecikmeden ameliyat kararı verilmesi önemlidir.Intestinal obstructions that account for less than 1% of all. Of these, transomental hernia is one of the rarest forms with an unknown etiology. Because of the risk of strangulation of hernia contents, immediate diagnosis is essential. We report a case of transomental hernia that was operated for signs of ileus. The patient was a 27-year old woman admitted with a colicky abdominal pain. She told that her pain lasted for ten years with repetitive attacks. During process of laparotomy, small intestine had herniated through windows in the greater omentum with a distended proximal segment. Herniated part was retrieved without resection. Then, she was discharged without any complication. Although relatively uncommon, transomental hernias should be included in the differential diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in young patients with repetitive abdominal painful attacks without any history of previous abdominal surgery

Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced cerebellar damage in rats

This study aimed to investigate changes in the cerebellum of formaldehyde-exposed rats and the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on these changes. The study involved 21 male Wistar-Albino rats which were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I comprised the control group. The rats in Group II were injected with intraperitoneal 10% formaldehyde every other day. The rats in Group III received omega-3 fatty acids daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and the cerebellum removed. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in cerebellum specimens by using spectrophotometric methods. In our study, levels of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased, and GSH-Px, XO, MDA levels were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. Whereas, it was seen that there was an increase in SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decrease in MDA, XO, and GSH-Px levels in rats administered to omega-3 fatty acids with exposure of formaldehyde. It was determined that exposure of formaldehyde increased free radicals in cerebellum of rats and this increase was prevented by administration of omega-3 fatty acids

Variations in the course of internal carotid artery

Amaç: Arterya karotis interna (AKİ) tiroid kıkırdağın üst kenarı hizasında, arterya karotis communis’in uç dalı olarak başlar. Boyun diseksiyonu sırasında, bölgeye ait anatomik detayların iyi bilinmesi, cerrahlara, bu komplikasyonlardan kaçınmada, önemli ölçüde yardımcı olacaktır. Yapmış oldu- ğumuz çalışmada Türk toplumuna ait AKİ’nin seyir varyasyonlarını ve görülme sıklıklarını tespit etme amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma multidedektör komputerize tomografi anjiografi (MDCTA) görüntüleri üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya yaşları 31 ile 86 arasında yer alan 94 hasta (32 kadın-62 erkek) (94 sağ-94 sol, toplam 188 olgu) dahil edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda AKİ’nin servikal bölgede 4 farklı seyir tipi gösterdiği tespit edildi. Tartışma: Çalışmamızda ortaya koyduğumuz seyir varyasyonlarının cerrahlar ve radyologlara teşhis ve tedavi açısından faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.Objective: Internal carotis artery (ICA), begins as three branches of arteria carotis communis, aligned with the upper edge of cartilago thyroidea. Knowing the anatomic details of this area well, will help the surgeons to a great extent in preventing complications during dissection of the neck region. This study was aimed to determine the variations in the course of ICA and its frequency of appearance in Turkish population. Material and Methods: This study was performed on multidedectör computerize tomografi anjiografi (MDCTA) image. In this study 94 patients aged between 31 and 86 (32 females-62 males), (94 right-94 left, total 188 cases) were included. Results: In our study, ICA cervical area was found to exhibit 4 different variation types. Conclusion: We believe that the variation types determined and exhibited in our study will be helpful for surgeons and radiologists in their diagnosis and treatments

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: new role for ultrasound

Objectives To evaluate the accuracy of US in calculating renal volumes and renal resistive index (RRI) that was obtained using a new method in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Methods In this prospective study, US and MRI were performed in 57 patients with ADPKD (31 female and 26 male; age range, 19-79 years) between August 2017 and May 2018. The volumes determined using US and MRI were compared. The ellipsoid formula was re-evaluated using different multipliers. RRI was obtained 1.5-2 cm distal to the outlet of main renal arteries. The relationship between mean RRI, renal function tests, and kidney volumes and difference between mean RRI of ADPKD patients with and without renal failure were investigated using a two-sided independent samples t test and Pearson correlation test. Interobserver agreements for volume assessments and RRI measurements were determined. Results By changing the ellipsoid formula, a very good agreement was found (ICC 0.970 for the right kidney and ICC 0.973 for the left kidney). The mean RRI in the right renal artery was 0.61 +/- 0.07 and in the left renal artery 0.63 +/- 0.06. The mean RRI of ADPKD patients with renal failure was significantly higher than that of patients without renal failure (p = 0.005). There was a significant correlation between mean RRI and renal function tests. Conclusion The accuracy of the US in calculating renal volumes increases by adapting the ellipsoid formula. RRI may be used for the management of ADPKD independently of volumes

Formaldehyde-Induced Damage In Lungs And Effects Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester: A Light Microscopic Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of formaldehyde on lung and protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against these toxic effects. Methods: For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I comprised the controls, while the rats in Group II were injected with formaldehyde (FA). The rats in Group III received CAPE daily while exposed to formaldehyde. After the treatment, lungs tissues were evaluated by microscopic examination. Results: In the microscopic examination of FA group, fatty and cellular infiltration in the pulmonary interstitium and thickening in the bronchiolar wall were evident. Dilatation and congestion were prominent in the alveolar septal vessels. In FA+CAPE group, dilatation of interalveolar septal vessels was less observed than FA group. Bronchial wall structures are similar with control. Conclusion: It was thought that FA exposure leads to inflammation and injury in lungs. CAPE shows protective and anti inflammatory activity against these adverse effects