The investigation of the influence of Propes on phenotypic and functional characteristics of human and animal immunocompetent cells

Department of Oncopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, UkraineBackground: The aim of the study is the investigation of the factors of innate immunity and formation of specific immune reactions in rats (antibody forming and formation of delayed hyperresponsivene reactions) after Propes (an extract of a bovine fetus liver) usage. Material and methods: In the study we used CBA mice and white rats. Propes was used in dose 90 mg/kg subcutaneously for 10 days. On the 5th day after immunization by sheep erythrocytes in spleen of animals were evaluated antibody-forming cells using Jerne-Nordin technic, was haemagglutinin content, studied using simple haemagglutination technic in serum. Hyperresponsivene reactions were carried out using E. V. Gulling and М. B. Sambur method. Results: It was found out that Propes doesn’t exert an activity of factors innate immunity, doesn’t decrease natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against metabolically low-level target cells. Propes exerts immunomodulating activity towards regulatory and effector cells of immune system, increases T-killers/ helpers in mouse spleen, increases activity of NK-cells in mouse spleen and human blood. The drug suppresses primary humoral immune response on xenograft erythrocytes and immune hyperresponsiveness reactions. It has the influence on high proliferating systems and has immunomodulating properties, which depends on the time of administration and dosage regimen. Conclusions: Immunomodulatory properties of Propes have ability to change the level of antigen differentiation of lymphoid organs and blood cells of experimental animals and humans, especially towards proliferative processes, regulates humoral and cell immune response. It doesn’t exert the negative influence on cellular factors of innate immune response

Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths

The results of simultaneous multifrequency observations of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar, PSR B0531+21, at 23, 111, and 600 MHz are presented and analyzed. Giant pulses were detected at a frequency as low as 23 MHz for the first time. Of the 45 giant pulses detected at 23 MHz, 12 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. Of the 128 giant pulses detected at 111 MHz, 21 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. The spectral indices for the power-law frequency dependence of the giant-pulse energies are from -3.1 to -1.6. The mean spectral index is -2.7 +/- 0.1 and is the same for both frequency combinations (600-111 MHz and 600-23 MHz). The large scatter in the spectral indices of the individual pulses and the large number of unidentified giant pulses suggest that the spectra of the individual giant pulses do not actually follow a simple power law. The observed shapes of the giant pulses at all three frequencies are determined by scattering on interstellar plasma irregularities. The scatter broadening of the pulses and its frequency dependence were determined as tau_sc=20*(f/100)^(-3.5 +/- 0.1) ms, where the frequency f is in MHz.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 table (originally published in Russian in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 630-637), translated by Georgii Rudnitski

The Introduction of Soft Skills in the Study of Disciplines of the Second Stage of Higher Education at the Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel

Professional skills, as opposed to interpersonal skills, are types of skills that students learn in university. These skills are easy to quantify. The proficiency in these skills is easy to verify. Soft skills cannot be measured and tested as simply as professional skills. The authors highlight the most indemand soft skills among employers. The article presents the results of several surveys of employers about the important requirements for jobseekers required for employment. Similar surveys were conducted among employers and employees of IT companies in the Republic of Belarus. It is concluded that soft skills are very important both for getting a first job and building a successful career. However, in the universities of the Republic of Belarus, teaching soft skills is poorly represented. The article shows how the process of teaching students of the second stage of higher education was modernized. Only the IT specialties of five Belarusian universities have undergone modernization. This work was carried out with the support of the international project MaCICT. At the same time, the experience of teaching similar disciplines in the universities of the European Union was used. To assess the effectiveness of students’ acquisition of soft skills at the university, a system for assessing the results of the modernization of the learning process was developed. Questionnaires for teachers, students and employees of IT companies have been developed. A survey of all stakeholders in the results of the international project MaCICT was carried out. The paper provides information on the dissemination of the main approaches for organizing the teaching of IT specialties for teachers of another specialties of the Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel, as well as for teaching IT disciplines of another universities in the Gomel region

Research of the Leukocytes Segmentation Method in the Blood Cells Recognition Systems

The paper proposed a method of segmentation of leukocytes from the blood and bone marrow samples. A study of the accuracy characteristics of the method is carried out. The techniques of watersheds and the distances transformation were used as the basis of our segmentation method to achieve optimal segmentation of leukocyte. Proposed method was successfully embedded in the system of automatic recognition of white blood cells for classification of blood cells. Keywords: white blood cells segmentation, cells recognition, watershed method, distance transformation method, acute leukemia

Study of growth and formation of decorative properties of flowers, planted in protected ground when irrigated with various fertilizers

This article is aimed at solution of topical issue of obtainment of new theoretical knowledge and practical skills in determination of quality of floral products, as well as the means of its advancement in the process of flower’s growth, with the aim of competitive recovery at the market of potted flowers that are planted domestically, demand for which is constantly increasing. We have provided results of researches, directed in definition of influence of various types of fertilizers on decorative properties of flowers as exemplified by Begonia hybrida elatio

A Drosophila melanogaster mitotype may have an adaptive meaning

Several different mitochondrial clades have been found in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Most often, the difference is in single nucleotide substitutions, some of which are conservative. Some clades are rare, and others dominate. It has been reported that clade III dominates over clades V and VI in seven populations of D. melanogaster. We compared D. melanogaster strains with different mitotypes by locomotor activity (using TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor), energy expenditure (by indirect calorimetry, based on measuring oxygen consumption) and life span (under extreme conditions at 29 °C). The nuclear genomes of these strains were aligned for several generations by backcrosses. According to our data, individuals with the mitotype from clade III had a higher level of locomotor activity and longer life span. In terms of energy expenditure, the strains studied did not differ. However, the same level of energy expenditure may be differently distributed between the state of activity and the state of rest or sleep. If the energy expenditure during the sleep in flies with different locomotor activity is the same, then an individual with the same overall energy expenditure can move a greater distance or be active longer. This can be interpreted as an advantage of the strain with the mitotype from clade III compared to the other two mitotypes studied. If individuals have different energy expenditure values at rest, the strains with lower energy expenditure at rest spend less energy during forced inactivity. In this case, the mitotype from clade III should also be advantageous. What nucleotide substitutions in the mitotype from clade III can provide an adaptive advantage is not clear yet. We assume that individuals with widespread clade М(III) may have adaptive advantages compared to other mitotypes due to their greater locomotor activity even with the same energy expenditure. Further studies are required, for mitotypes are polymorphic for single nucleotide polymorphism not only between but also within the clades

СУЧАСНИЙ ПОГЛЯД НА ЕТІОЛОГІЮ ТА ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ПЕРЕДРАКОВИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ І РАКУ ВУЛЬВИ

SUMMARY. The problem of dystrophic diseases and cancer of the vulva still remains unresolved. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of degenerative diseases of the vulva, on the background of which from 9 to 49 % of cases malignant tumors appear. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this problem in more detail. The aim – to determine the causes of sclerosing herpes and vulvar cancer. Material and Methods. 110 patients with sclerosing herpes of the vulva, 60 patients with vulvar cancer were examined; 100 postmenopausal patients who did not have clinical manifestations of vulvar disease were in the control group. Results. It was specified that the number of observations with a high content of estrogen receptors in normal vulvar tissue is 35.5 %, while in vulvar dystrophy the number of observations with a high level of receptors is only 5.8 %. It was noted that in vulvar cancer, estrogen receptors were missing in the vast majority of cases (85.6 %). As the postmenopause duration increases, the number of estrogen-negative results in sclerosing herpes gets higher, accounting for a total of 58.8 % of all studies. Conclusions. The idea of the features and etiology of dystrophic processes and vulvar cancer in the postmenopausal period forms a differentiated approach to the implementation of preventive measures. In this sense, prevention acquires a pathogenetic focus. Our studies have demonstrated the key role of balance disorder of estrogen metabolite and viral infection in the pathogenesis of dystrophic processes and vulvar cancer.РЕЗЮМЕ. Проблема дистрофических заболеваний и рака вульвы до настоящего времени остается нерешенной. В последние десятилетия отмечается увеличение числа дистрофических заболеваний вульвы, на фоне которых в 9 – 49 % случаев возникают злокачественные опухоли. Поэтому нужно подробнее рассмотреть эту проблему. Цель – определить причины развития склерозирующего лишая и рака вульвы. Материал и методы. Проведено обследование 110 пациенток со склерозирующим лишаем вульвы, 60 больных раком вульвы; 100 пациенток в постменопаузе, не имеющих клинических проявлений заболеваний со стороны вульвы, составили группу контроля. Результаты. Установлено, что число наблюдений с высоким содержанием эстроген-рецепторов в нормальной ткани вульвы составило 35,5 %, тогда как при дистрофии вульвы количество наблюдений с высоким уровнем рецепторов составило только 5,8 %. При раке вульвы в подавляющем большинстве наблюдений (85,6 %) эстроген-рецепторы отсутствовали. По мере увеличения длительности постменопаузы количество естроген-отрицательных результатов при склерозирующем лишае растет, составляя в целом 58,8 % всех исследований. Выводы. Представление об особенностях и этиологии возникновения дистрофических процессов и рака вульвы в постменопаузе формирует дифференцированный подход к реализации профилактических мероприятий, и в этом смысле профилактика приобретает патогенетическую направленность. Наши исследования показали ключевую роль нарушения соотношения метаболитов эстрогена и вирусной инфекции в патогенезе дистрофических процессов и рака вульвы.РЕЗЮМЕ. Проблема дистрофічних захворювань і раку вульви до теперішнього часу залишається не вирішеною. В останні десятиліття відзначається збільшення числа дистрофічних захворювань вульви, на фоні яких у 9–49 % випадків виникають злоякісні пухлини. Тому потрібно детальніше вивчити цю проблему. Мета – визначити причини розвитку склерозуючого лишаю і раку вульви. Матеріал і методи. Проведено обстеження 110 пацієнток зі склерозуючим лишаєм вульви, 60 хворих із раком вульви; 100 пацієнток у постменопаузі, які не мали клінічних проявів захворювань з боку вульви, склали групу контролю. Результати. Встановлено, що число спостережень з високим вмістом естроген-рецепторів у нормальній тканині вульви склало 35,5 %, тоді як при дистрофії вульви кількість спостережень з високим рівнем рецепторів склала лише 5,8 %. При раку вульви в переважній більшості спостережень (85,6 %) були відсутні естроген-рецептори. У міру збільшення тривалості постменопаузи кількість естроген-негативних результатів при склерозуючому лишаї зростає, складаючи загалом 58,8 % всіх досліджень. Висновок. Уявлення про особливості й етіологію виникнення дистрофічних процесів і раку вульви в постменопаузі формує диференційований підхід до реалізації профілактичних заходів, і в цьому сенсі профілактика набуває патогенетичної спрямованості. У наших дослідженнях доведена ключова роль порушення співвідношення метаболітів естрогену і вірусної інфекції в патогенезі дистрофічних процесів і раку вульви

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КЛІНІЧНОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ ПЕРЕДРАКУ І РАКУ ВУЛЬВИ У ЖІНОК ПРЕ- І ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

The aim of the study – to learn the features of the clinical course of precancerous lesions and vulvar cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods. From 2017 to 2020, 160 patients with dystrophic diseases, precancerous lesions and early vulvar cancer were examined in the Outpatient Department of the National Cancer Institute. The analysis of outpatient cards and medical histories of all women allowed us to further study the features of the clinical course of pathological processes of the external genitalia depending on age. The age of patients in the study ranged from 49 to 70 years old (59.6±3.5). Menstrual function was unchanged in 40 (25 %) of 160 women. The age of menarche varied from 11 to 18 years (mean age – (14.5±0.3 years). The average duration of the menstrual cycle was (30±0.4) days. Most patients have repeatedly consulted gynecologists and dermatologists about itching and discomfort in the external genitalia. The doctor performed conservative treatment of ‘‘leukoplakia and kraurosis’’ for many months, and sometimes years, without histological clarification of the diagnosis. Results and Discussion. In the study of vulvar biopsies, patients diagnosed with vulvar cancer stage IA (34 %) dominated comparing with VIN (intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva) (12 %). Conclusion. One of the features of the clinical course of vular neoplasia in women of pre- and postmenopausal age is that the malignant process is more often detected at the stage of monofocal invasive tumor.Цель исследования – изучить особенности клинического течения предрака и рака вульвы у женщин пре- и постменопаузального возраста. Материалы и методы. С 2017 по 2020 гг. в поликлиническом отделении Национального института рака обследованы 160 больных с дистрофическими заболеваниями, предраком и начальным раком вульвы. Анализ амбулаторных карт и историй болезни всех женщин позволил нам дополнительно изучить особенности клинического течения патологических процессов наружных половых органов в зависимости от возраста. Возраст больных в исследовании колебался от 49 до 70 лет, в среднем (59,6±3,5) года. Менструальная функция была не изменена у 40 (25 %) из 160 женщин. Возраст менархе варьировал от 11 до 18 лет (средний возраст – (14,5±0,3) года). Средняя продолжительность менструального цикла составила (30±0,4) дня. Большинство пациенток неоднократно обращалось к гинекологам и дерматологам по поводу зуда и дискомфорта в области наружных половых органов. Врач проводил консервативное лечение «лейкоплакии и крауроза» на протяжении многих месяцев, а иногда и лет, без гистологического уточнения диагноза. Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. При исследовании биоптатов вульвы преобладали больные с диагнозом рака вульвы I А стадии (34 %) по сравнению с VIN (интраэпителиальной неоплазией вульвы) (12 %). При этом VIN и начальный рак вульвы были ассоциированы с вирусом папилломы человека лишь в 37,5 % случаев. Вывод. Одной из особенностей клинического течения неоплазий вульвы у женщин пре- и постменопаузального возраста есть то, что злокачественный процесс чаще выявляется на стадии монофокальной инвазивной опухоли.Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості клінічного перебігу передраку і раку вульви у жінок пре- і постменопаузального віку. Матеріали та методи. Із 2017 до 2020 рр. у поліклінічному відділенні Національного інституту раку обстежено 160 хворих із дистрофічними захворюваннями, передраком і початковим раком вульви. Аналіз амбулаторних карт та історій хвороб усіх жінок дозволив нам додатково вивчити особливості клінічного перебігу патологічних процесів зовнішніх статевих органів залежно від віку. Вік хворих у дослідженні коливався від 49 до 70 років, у середньому (59,6±3,5) року. Менструальна функція була не змінена у 40 (25 %) зі 160 жінок. Вік менархе варіював від 11 до 18 років (середній вік – (14,5±0,3) року). Середня тривалість менструального циклу склала (30±0,4) дня. Більшість пацієнток неодноразово зверталася до гінекологів і дерматологів із приводу свербежу та дискомфорту в ділянці зовнішніх статевих органів. Лікар проводив консервативне лікування «лейкоплакії і краурозу» впродовж багатьох місяців, а іноді й років, без гістологічного уточнення діагнозу. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. При дослідженні біоптатів вульви переважали хворі із діагнозом раку вульви I А стадії (34 %) порівняно з VIN (інтраепітеліальною неоплазією вульви) (12 %). При цьому VIN і початковий рак вульви були асоційовані з вірусом папіломи людини лише в 37,5 % випадків. Висновок. Однією з особливостей клінічного перебігу неоплазій вульви у жінок пре- і постменопаузального віку є те, що злоякісний процес частіше виявляється на стадії монофокальної інвазивної пухлини

Strategic Cooperation of Ukrainian Industrial Enterprises to Create Competitive Advantages in the World Market

Competitive advantages in the market can be accumulated both with the use of the mechanism of cooperation, and as a result of coordination in the interregional sphere. The relevance of the study is determined primarily by the fact that cooperation between organisations allows to increase competitiveness in the foreign market. However, this gives rise to a contradiction that determines that cooperation between companies is possible only if the conglomerate or certain entities own controlling shares. With that, companies should not only constitute holding structures, but primarily be co-operators in the production cycle. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that strategic cooperation is proposed to be considered not only as a set of practical actions on the part of the state or regulatory structures, but also of consulting bodies. It is proposed to use the mechanisms of strategic cooperation based on mutual conditionality of interests and security of budgetary mechanisms that allow for practical activities. The authors also admit the possibility of the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that each of the participants in the organisation of strategic management of enterprises can use not only strategic, but financial and systemic interaction mechanisms to form