ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BULB ELEUTHERINE AMERICANA MERR ON FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION RATS

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate ethanolic extract of bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr as antihypertensive.Methods: This study examined the effect of ethanol extract of bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr on urine volume, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) profile. Diuretic activity was evaluated by the Lipschitz method. Furosemide (3.6 mg/kg) used as standard drug. Animal rats model of hypertension were induced by fructose 66% in the diet for 21 d. Captopril (2.5 mg/kg) used as standard antihypertension. Parameters measured were urine volume for 24 h, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and electrocardiogram profile.Results: High fructose diet for 21 d reduced R-R, P-R interval of the electrocardiogram, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared to normal group statistically significant (p<0.05). Animals received an ethanolic extract of the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr doses of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg showed lowered systolic and lowered diastolic blood pressure (except for a dose of 100 mg/kg). Dose of 25, 50 mg/kg lowered systolic blood pressure was comparable to captopril 2.5 mg/kg (p>0.05). The group received a dose of 100 mg/kg showed diuretic activity comparable to furosemide 3.6 mg/kg (p>0.05). The group received a dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, showed improved on R-R, P-R interval of the electrocardiogram, and heart rate.Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of bulb Eleutherine americana Merr play important role in regulating blood pressure, increased urine volume and improved electrocardiogram profile

Relationship between self-concept, family relationship and externalizing behavior among adolescents in Selangor

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of self- concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400 students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from self- administered questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of self- concept, family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p<0.01). Moreover, result indicated that there were negative significant relationship between self-concept, family cohesion and family structure with aggressive behavior (r= -0.210 to -0.153, p<0.01). Moreover, the result showed the negative significant relationship between family structure and delinquency behavior (r= -0.104, p<0.05). These results suggest that self concept and family relationship quality are an importance factors for the development of adolescents behaviors

Self-concept, family relationship, deviant peer socialization and externalizing behavior problems among at risk students in Selangor, Malaysia

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between self-concept, family relationship, deviant peer socialization and externalizing behavior problem among adolescents with the disciplinary problem in Selangor. This study used a quantitative approach and survey technique by applying descriptive and inferential analysis. Besides that, the study used mediator analysis to measure the mediator effect of selfconcept towards the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variables. A total of 400 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old from eight secondary schools in the state of Selangor were selected for this study. A survey with the selfadministered questionnaire was employed to collecting the data and multi-stage cluster sampling were used for the selection of the respondents. The respondents were chosen among students with disciplinary problem assist by teachers. Data were utilized from a set of questionnaire which are consists of social demographic background, family relationship (Family Relationship Characteristics scale), deviant peer socialization (Peer Deviancy Scale), self-concept (Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire), externalizing behavior (Aggression Scale and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale). Findings revealed that majority of respondents show the moderate level of self-concept, family relationship, and externalizing behaviors, meanwhile for deviant peer socialization majority of respondents showed that they have low deviant peers. The results of T-test showed that there were significant differences in family beliefs, family structure and deviant peers socialization based on gender and age. There were significant differences in aggressive and delinquent behavior based on gender, while self-concept have significant differences in terms of age. Findings also indicated that family relationship (family cohesion and family structure), self-concept, deviant peer socialization have a significant relationship with the aggressive behavior. Finding also found that family structure and deviant peer socialization shows a significant relationship with the delinquency behavior. The multiple regression analysis showed that predictor variables, namely sex, deviant peer socialization, family structure and self-concept have significantly predict aggressive behavior [R2 = 0.17, F (6,701.71) = 17.41, p<0.05] while, significant predictors of delinquency behavior was sex and deviant peer socialization [R2 = 0.47, F (2,363.52) =119.52, p<0.001]. The results of regression analysis using stepwise method show that the socialization of deviant peers was the most important predictor in predicting aggressive behavior, followed by family structure, self-concept, and sex. Regression analysis also shows that the deviant peer socialization was the most important predictor in predicting delinquent behavior, followed by sex. Mediator test indicated that self-concept is the mediator of the relationship between adolescent’s family relationship quality and externalizing behavior. The results of this study have important implications for those involved in school and adolescents systems. Awareness about the influence and impact of self concept, the family relationship and deviant peer socialization to those involved in adolescents’ development system is very important. This knowledge will contribute to the development of more positive externalizing behavior among adolescents, for example in drafting any related program, the self-concept must takes into consideration to ensure the enhancement of psychosocial well-being of adolescents will be achieve

Hydraulic and Groundwater Chemical Parameters of the Aquifer in Malakasari, Bandung

In order to reveal the physical condition of the aquifer, the pumping test using Cooper-Jacob (1946) principle has conducted at well SM5. The observation data of the test then processed to generate various value of hydraulic properties i.e. 3.241x10-4 cm2/sec for transmissivity (T), 8.103x10-6 cm/sec for conductivity (K), 0.05055 for storativity (S), and 3.852x10-3 ft-1 for specific storage (Ss). These data show that the aquifer composed of unconsolidated sedimentary rocks ranged from coarse sand to silt. In addition, also performed the feasibility test of groundwater by using Multimeter which produces chemical parameter data. The chemical parameter of eight well samples have average values of 6.62, 766.25 μs/cm and 376.25 mg/L for pH, electric conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solid (TDS) respectively, while physical observation shows no turbidity and odor

Hydraulic and Groundwater Chemical Parameters of the Aquifer in Malakasari, Bandung

In order to reveal the physical condition of the aquifer, the pumping test using Cooper-Jacob (1946) principle has conducted at well SM5. The observation data of the test then processed to generate various value of hydraulic properties i.e. 3.241x10-4 cm2/sec for transmissivity (T), 8.103x10-6 cm/sec for conductivity (K), 0.05055 for storativity (S), and 3.852x10-3 ft-1 for specific storage (Ss). These data show that the aquifer composed of unconsolidated sedimentary rocks ranged from coarse sand to silt. In addition, also performed the feasibility test of groundwater by using Multimeter which produces chemical parameter data. The chemical parameter of eight well samples have average values of 6.62, 766.25 μs/cm and 376.25 mg/L for pH, electric conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solid (TDS) respectively, while physical observation shows no turbidity and odor

Relationship Between Self-Concept, Family Relationship and Externalizing Behavior Among Adolescents in Selangor

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of self- concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400 students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from self- administered questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of self- concept, family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p&lt;0.01). Moreover, result indicated that there were negative significant relationship between self-concept, family cohesion and family structure with aggressive behavior (r= -0.210 to -0.153, p&lt;0.01). Moreover, the result showed the negative significant relationship between family structure and delinquency behavior (r= -0.104, p&lt;0.05). These results suggest that self concept and family relationship quality are an importance factors for the development of adolescents behaviors

The association between family relationship, deviant peer socialization, self-concept and aggressive behavior among at-risk student in Selangor

A total of 400 student with disciplinary problem aged 13 to 18 years old from eight secondary schools in the state of Selangor were chosen using multi-stage cluster sampling. A set of questionnaires which are consists of social demographic background, family Relationship Characteristics scale, Peer Deviancy Scale, Self-concept scale and Aggression Scale were used to collect the data. Findings revealed that majority of respondents show the moderate level of self-concept, family relationship, and aggressive behavior and low level of deviant peer socialization. The results of t-test showed that there were significant differences in family beliefs, family structure and deviant peers socialization based on gender and age. There were significant differences in aggressive behavior based on gender, while self-concept has significant differences based on age. Findings also indicated that family relationship, self-concept, deviant peer socialization have a significant relationship with the aggressive behavior. The multiple regression analysis showed that sex, deviant peer socialization, family structure and self-concept have significantly predicted aggressive behavior and socialization of deviant peers was the most important predictor, followed by family structure, self-concept, and sex. The results of this study have important implications for those involved in school and adolescents’ systems