10 research outputs found
The Prevalence of Minor Physical Anomalies in Mentally Retarded Children
The prevalence of minor physical anomalies was examined in a sample of 109 children
with idiopathic mental retardation (65 boys and 44 girls). Control group consisted
of 246 healthy schoolchildren (123 boys and 123 girls) aged 8 to 12 years. A comparison
was made between number of found minor anomalies per child (W1) and their Waldrop
weight scores (W2) in healthy and mentally retarded (MR) children. The MR children
were found to have a higher number of minor anomalies per child. In their group predominated
those with four or more anomalies (56.9%), whereas among healthy children
only 7.7% had four anomalies or more. In contrast to the high weighted score value (W2)
of five or greater in 36.7% of MR children, it was absent in all control group subjects.
There were highly significant differences between the MR and healthy children in the
average value of the number of minor anomalies per child (W1) and in the average
weighted score (W2). The average number of minor anomalies per child (W1) in MR and
well children was 3.65 and 1.7, respectively. In MR children the average weighted score
(W2) was 3.82, being 1.46 in healthy children. Our results suggest that common etiological
factors, which had led to a physical and mental disorder, were active early in the development
of MR children. The finding of high incidence of multiple minor anomalies in
MR children indicates that genetic factors may play an important role in the etiology of
the underlying disorder in the child group studied
Biologia Futura: does the aging process contribute to the relativity of time?
In his Theory of relativity, Einstein determined that the time is relative to the reference frame of the observer. Under specific
conditions, there is a difference in the elapsed time between two clocks, known as time dilation. A similar relativistic effect
could be attributed to the brain operating at different frequencies, e.g., while it is slow and during the thought process. Time
flow and the aging process are causally linked. Herein, we introduce physical relativity into the mind/thought context and
elaborate changed perception of the time flow (the impression of the time acceleration) with aging. The phenomenology of
time is observed in the context of physical and biological clock, as well as by introducing the category of ‘mind time.’ Mental
processing impairment is crucial for the “aging-caused relativity of time,” while adjusting of its’ perception seems to be a matter
of body/mind rest, mental hygiene and physical activity of the aging subject. We also provide a brief overview of the percep-
tion of time flow in some disease states that coincide with aging. Our main idea has a perspective for future development in the
interdisciplinary synergy of philosophy, physical–mathematical elaboration, experimental biology and clinical investigations
Daidzein effects on ACTH cells: immunohistomorphometric and hormonal study in an animal model of the andropause
Daidzein is a potential natural alternative to estradiol during therapy of some malignancies in men. Besides weak inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity, daidzein has a sizeable inhibitory effect on calcium channels. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of daidzein on the immunohistomorphometric features of pituitary adrenocorticotropes (ACTH cells) and circulating levels of ACTH and corticosterone, in comparison with estradiol, in an animal model of the andropause. Sixteen-month-old Wistar rats were divided into sham operated (SO), orchidectomized (Orx), estradiol treated orchidectomized (Orx+E) and daidzein treated orchidectomized (Orx+D) groups. Estradiol (0.625 mg/kg/day) and daidzein (30 mg/kg/day) were administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while the SO and Orx groups received the vehicle alone. ACTH cells were identified by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical procedure. Peripheral circulating concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were measured by immunoassay. Orchidectomy reduced (p<0.05) the cell volume and volume density of adrenocorticotropes by 11% and 16%, respectively, in comparison to SO rats. In Orx+E rats, the volume density of ACTH cells decreased (p<0.05) by 25%, but the circulating level of ACTH increased (p<0.05) by 29%, compared to Orx rats. Daidzein treatment significantly decreased (p<0.05): volume density of ACTH cells, circulating ACTH and corticosterone by 24%, 48% and 33%, respectively, compared to the Orx group. In conclusion, this study revealed that daidzein negatively modulated the immunohistomorphometric features of ACTH cells and, unlike estradiol, decreased ACTH and corticosterone secretion, in an animal model of the andropause
Citrus flavanones naringenin and hesperetin improve antioxidant status and membrane lipid compositions in the liver of old-aged Wistar rats
This study aimed to investigate effects of citrus flavanones naringenin (NAR) and hesperetin (HES) on liver antioxidant status and membrane phospholipid composition in 24-month-old rats. NAR and HES (15 mg/kg) were administrated orally to male Wistar rats, once per day, for 4 weeks. Control group received either vehicle (sunflower oil) or remained intact. The results showed decreased (p < 0.05) activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), specifically catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of intact control old-aged rats in comparison to young intact controls. Flavanone administration to old-aged males increased (p < 0.05) examined AOE activities in comparison to vehicle-administered animals. Namely, NAR was more potent in comparison to HES regarding the increase (p < 0.05) in activities of examined antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1 and 2, glutathione peroxidase-GPx and GR) and the liver glutathione (GSH), while HES elevated (p < 0.05) only activity of CAT and GR. Both flavanones significantly decreased (p < 0.05) TBARS and improved (p < 0.05) membrane phospholipid composition in favor of n-3 PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Both flavanones did not affect liver histology and reduced (p < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum. The results of this study indicate beneficial potential of citrus flavanones in the old-aged rat liver
Late Upper Paleolithic, Early Mesolithic and Early Neolithic from the cave site Zemunica near Bisko (Dalmatia, Croatia)
This paper presents results from lithic, pottery, zooarchaeological, osteological, petrological and geoarcheological analyses from the Early Neolithic, Mesolithic and late Upper Paleolithic levels of Zemunica Cave in Croatia. The site provides valuable
information about the aforementioned periods in Dalmatia and original evidence supporting newly proposed models of the spread of Neolithisation in this area
Soy isoflavone effects on the adrenal glands of orchidectomized adult male rats: a comprehensive histological and hormonal study
Genistein (G) and related soy phytoestrogens
have been studied for potential usefulness in different
chronic diseases, and may ameliorate signs of aging.
They have a profound influence on the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The present study utilized
the rat model of mild andropause to thoroughly evaluate
the effects of G and soy extract on the adrenal gland and
related blood hormones. Adult male rats were
orchidectomized (Orx) or sham operated (SO). Orx rats
received daily subcutaneous injections for 3 weeks of
solvent, or G (Orx+G, 30 mg/kg), or commercial soy
extract (Orx+Soy, 30 mg/kg). Adrenal glands and blood
were harvested at the end of the treatment for hormone
analyses, histology and design-based stereology.
Compared to SO rats Orx evoked significant (P<0.05)
changes including: the replicating cell number in the 3
adrenocortical zones; vascularity and cortical volume
and blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH), aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA). When comparing Orx vs. Orx+G groups the
following significant (P<0.05) changes were observed: a
further increase in number of replicating cells in zonas
glomerulosa and reticularis, vasculature network
presence, cortical and zona reticularis volumes, ACTH
and corticosterone concentrations, and lower DHEA
levels. Comparing Orx vs. Orx+Soy resulted in elevated
(P<0.05) ACTH and corticosterone levels. Structural
integrity of the adrenal gland was unchanged vs. SO rats.
Overall, G and soy extract treatments resulted in
proliferative activity and/or vasculature support in the
adrenal cortex. The data and current literature support
the impression of a beneficial effect of soy components
on the homeostatic response to stress