Usual Source of Care among Patients with Psychological Distress and its Effects on Healthcare Expenditures, Utilization, and Patient Satisfaction

Usual Source of Care among Patients with Psychological Distress and its Effects on Healthcare Expenditures, Utilization, and Patient Satisfactio

An Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Programme in Maiduguri Metropolitan Area, Borno State, 2008-2012.

There is a global call to action on the issue of poverty, everyone was called upon to examine poverty and share ideas on how to deal with it or how it can be reduced or eliminated. This work is an attempt at Evaluating Poverty alleviation programme in Maiduguri; the effectiveness of the programme, the number of beneficiaries and the types of assistance they get from the government. Data for this study were generated through questionnaire and in-depth interview. One hundred beneficiaries were selected through proportionate sampling and administered with questionnaire. While five (5) officials from the Borno state ministry of poverty alleviation and Youth Empowerment were selected for an in-depth interview. In all one hundred and five respondents took part in the study. The study revealed that these beneficiaries received different materials as assistance in order to improve their living standard. It was discovered that most of these beneficiaries engaged in commercial tricycles (Keke NAPEP) for survival. It was suggested that government should increase the number of beneficiaries so that the poverty can be reduced. Government and non-governmental organizations are equally implored to establish small scale industries to give more loans and create more job opportunities so as to add value to the life of the people. Key words: Evaluation, Poverty reduction, Programm

Evaluating the Effect of Female Entrepreneurial Experience on Start-Ups in Nigeria

The study aimed to explore the effect of female entrepreneurial experience on startups in Nigeria. The data were acquired from the female entrepreneurs and a self-administered questionnaire was used as a collection of data. Linear regression was used to test the proposed hypotheses using the latest version of SPSS. The entrepreneurial success can occur with entrepreneurial experience. Economic and political instabilities disturb not only startup success but also the business of entrepreneurs. Due to the economic and political instability in Nigeria, female entrepreneurs believe that their startups are insecure. In developing countries like Nigeria, the earnings of startup owners are too less to maintain expenditures. These startups should have rewards and recognition programs to motivate and satisfy their employees. This research will help policymakers to make effective policies for women entrepreneurs. Keywords: Female Entrepreneurship, Experience, Startups, Political Stability, Entrepreneurial Knowledge. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-6-10 Publication date:March 31st 202

Time Series Analysis for The Treatment of Typhoid (Enteric) Fever in Maiduguri: Using Arima Model

This research employs the ARIMA model to conduct a thorough time series analysis on the treatment of typhoid (enteric) fever in Maiduguri. The study reveals the presence of both trend and seasonality in the data, with the trend indicating a recent reduction in the recorded data. Using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function (ACF and PACF), the data can also be utilized to determine the model's order. The model obtained is subjected to model diagnostics to determine its efficiency and the model is used to forecast the typhoid fever. From the forecast graph shows that there may be a decrease in future years due to the pattern of the series the impression, we obtain from the graph is that predicted series seems to be trend upward and then downward. ARIMA (1,0,0) has the minimum value of AIC therefore it found to be best model. Hence, the model to fit the typhoid fever based on diplomatic test, which is LJung Box test from the family of Box Janks procedure, then our P-value is less than 0.05 level of significant, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the typhoid fever is statistically significant at 5% level of significant. Forecast of typhoid fever from February to December 2025 we also conclude that the typhoid fever is stable. Improve Sanitation and Hygiene: Implement measures to improve sanitation and hygiene practices, especially in areas with high disease prevalence. This may include promoting access to clean water, proper waste management, and hygiene education campaigns.Keyword: ARIMA Model, Typhoid fever, Box janks, WHO, Model diagnostic

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID (ENTERIC) FEVER IN MAIDUGURI: USING ARIMA MODEL

This paper titled time series analysis for treatment of typhoid (etteric) fever in Maiduguri; using Arima model, the paper has noticed that the data displayed both a trend and seasonality; the trend indicates a reduction in the most recent year's data. Using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function (ACF and PACF), the data can also be utilized to determine the model's order. The model obtained is subjected to model diagnostics in order to determine its efficiency and the model is used to forecast the typhoid fever. From the forecast graph shows that there may be a decrease in future years due to the pattern of the series the impression, we obtain from the graph is that predicted series seems to be trend upward and then downward. ARIMA (1,0,0) has the minimum value of AIC therefore it found to be best model. Hence, the model to fit the typhoid fever based on diplomatic test, which is LJung Box test from the family of Box Janks procedure, then our P-value is less than 0.05 level of significant, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the typhoid fever is statistically significant at 5% level of significant. Forecast of typhoid fever from February to December 2025 we also conclude that the typhoid fever is stable. Improve Sanitation and Hygiene: Implement measures to improve sanitation and hygiene practices, especially in areas with high disease prevalence. This may include promoting access to clean water, proper waste management, and hygiene education campaigns

Efektivitas "Cognitive Behavior Therapy" Terhadap Penurunan Derajat Stres

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective way to decrease the degree of stress in patients with chronic Low Back Pain (LBP). Chronic LBP can be divided to physical and psychogenical view. Psychogenical LBP was result of cognitive process associated with stress. This study is conducted to get an idea of how the effects of CBT can help reducing the degree of stress in patients with chronic LBP in hospital 'X' Bandung.According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is empirically proven to give effect on reducing the degree of stress in both chronic LBP patients in hospital 'X' Bandun

Correlation Studies on the Yield and Yield Characters of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria

Efforts are being made to increase its productivity by developing superior varieties. However, yield is a complex character, its direct improvement is difficult. Knowledge is respect of the nature and magnitude of associations of yield with various component characters is a pre-requisite to bring improvement in the desired direction. This research was conducted at Kogi State University Student Research and Demonstration Farm (Longitude 07°061 N; 43°E), Anyigba, Kogi State, to investigate the association of some yield characters with yield in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Two cultivars of eggplant NC-2 (green) and NC-1 (off-white) were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Yield component such as number of branches, fruit diameter, number of nodes, and number of fruits shows significant and positive association with yield. Correlation coefficient (r) for yield versus other growth and yield component: Plant height, number of branches, fruit diameter, number of nodes, and number of fruits were found to be 0.983, 0.962, 0.959, 0.906 and 0.891 respectively. Keywords: Correlation coefficient (r), Character association, Plant height; PH, Number of branches; NB, Fruit Diameter; FD, Number of nodes; NN, Number of Fruits; NF, Yield; Y

Influence of N-Fertilizer application on the yield and yield components of two varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) In Anyigba, Kogi State

There is a need to device a possible ways of improving necessary nutrients for better performance of eggplants. The use of mineral fertilizer in tropical soils can help solve the problem of low soil nutrients. So far, only N-level have been recommended in most of the region of Nigeria, the specific requirement for varieties have not or in most cases been overlooked, therefore determination of the interaction of N-level with variety is necessary as it will enable researchers determine specific level of N-fertilizer for specific variety. Thus research was conducted on Kogi State University Student Research and Demonstration Farm (Longitude 07°061 N; 43°E), Anyigba, Kogi State, to investigate the influence of N-fertilizer on the yield and yield components of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) the experiment consisted of two varieties of eggplants green variety encoded as NC-2, the Off-white variety encoded as NC-1 and three urea fertilizer levels (0, 100, 200kgN/ha). Factorial combination of the treatments gave a total of six treatments which was laid in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Urea fertilizer was applied in 2-split doses first at 3weeks after planting and the second dose was applied at fruiting. Parameters measured include: plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, fruit diameter, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, number of flowers per plant, fruit weight. Fertilizer application significantly increased the yield of the two varieties. However, NC-2 (green variety) appears to respond more to higher N-application (up to 200kgN/ha) as compared to NC-1 (off-white variety). Also, fertilizer had significant effect on vegetative characters, yield and some yield components. The yield were found to be statistically at par. Key words: Eggplant, Number of branches, Number of fruits, Fruit diameter, Fruit yield, number of flowers, number of nodes, number of leaves, plant height

Spectro-analytical Research of Selected Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in Four Different Single-use Plastics Commonly in Contact with Food from Sokoto, Nigeria

Single use plastics are types of plastics discarded after one usage. They are everywhere you go because of their wide range of applications in life. In plastics, additives are incorporated to supplant properties of plastics. One of the common additives is the heavy metals, which could leach out along the plastics lifecycle, thereby creating a problem. This study was stimulated to determine the levels of heavy metals in selected single-use-plastics commonly in contact with food (as containers or wrappings or relations) in Sokoto. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy methodology was utilized to determine the levels of copper, chromium, lead, zinc and cadmium. The results for determination of selected heavy metals in selected single use plastics from Sokoto State University, Nigeria were revealed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Therein, the concentrations of copper (Cu) ranges from 0.335+0.002 to 0.540+0.002(ug/kg), levels of cadmium (Cd) ranges from 0.0551+0.003 to 0.0041+0.0003(ug/kg), levels of chromium (Cr) ranges from 0.0959 +0.004 to 0.0265+0.001(ug/kg), levels of lead (Pb) ranges from -1.791+0.02 to -0.0706+0.008(ug/kg).  Thus, the results revealed disparity in the levels of the analyzed heavy metals in the selected single use plastics.  However, Cu concentration was the most elevated in plastic bottle (PB) and lowest in Takeaway (T); Cd was highest in Straw (S), and lowest in PB; Cr was highest in Ice cream cup (IC) and lowest in S; Pb was highest in PB, and lowest in S. The concentrations of Cupper, Chromium, Lead, and Cadmium in plastic bottle, Takeaway, Straw and lce cream cup, have shown disparity. However, Cu concentration was the most elevated in plastic bottle (PB) and lowest in Takeaway; Cd was highest in Straw, and lowest in PB; Cr was highest in Ice cream cup and lowest in S; Pb was highest in PB, and lowest in S. They levels determined are within the permissible limits

The Impact Population Growth on Disaggregate Energy Generation Source from (Hydro Power, Natural Gas, Oil and Coal Source) in Nigeria

This research tries to investigate the impact of population growth on energy generation in Nigeria using Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL). The study employed an econometric methodology involving the use of unit root test, cointegration test technique. The study use of different source of electricity production in Nigeria such as hydro power source (HPS), natural gas source (NGS), oil and coal sources (OCS) , as dependents variables which were regress against population and real gross domestic product (GDP) as explanatory variables which altogether serve as determinants of energy generation. The ARDL Bound test reveals that both the three equations under studies are cointegrated. Consequently, the study finds that the long run and short run dynamics of the variables involved. From the long run coefficients the study found that population growth has a positive and significant impact on energy generation from natural gas source, oil and coal source but negative impact on hydropower sources. Based on these findings some recommendations were made, Nigeria government should adequately project the growing rate of population in advance so as to generate volume of energy that will cater for the population so as to avoid the risk of energy shortage in Nigeria