PERKEMBANGAN LARVA DALAM EMBRIOGENESIS KARANG Acropora HASIL PEMIJAHAN EX-SITU

Fertilization and larval development determine the coral population survivalof species, which has adifference characteristic of embryogenesis. This research wasaimed to compare the embryo and larvaldevelopment spawned in November 2011 in Grear Barrier Reef, Australia.Embryonic cellsdevelopment wereobserved in interval timesfrom one cell of egg tomulticellular stage (prawnchip), and larval developmentobserved from the prawnchip stageto the planulae.The results showed the development of embryos and larvaesignificantly differed between two species, i.e. embryos and larvae of Acropora millepora grew faster thanA.tenuis. The maximum size of planulae larvae of A. millepora (800-1000 μm) is biggerthan A. tenuis (650-900μm). Embryo and larvae development were different due to species variability, hence this reseach can beadapted for laboratory proccess of coral larvae nursery. Keywords: embryo, planulae, Acropora millepora, A. Tenui

BED SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE RIVER ESTUARY AND COASTAL SEA OF MALILI (SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA)

Bed sediment characteristics and distribution is one of the important parameters in determining the management plan and utilization of estuarine and coastal waters.  The objective of this study was to analyze sediment distribution and determine dominant oceanographic factors controlling the distribution of bed sediment in the river estuary and coastal sea of Malili. Sediment samples were collected using a grab sampler at ten stations, namely four stations in the river estuary and six stations in the adjacent coastal sea for grain size and sediment organic content analysis. The results showed that the bed sediment along the river estuary consisted of silt, very fine sand, fine sand, and medium sand with organic content varying from 1.31 to 7.18 %. In the coastal sea, bed sediment was dominated by silt with a higher organic content of 2.25 - 7.31

Fenomena Bleaching Karang Tahun 2009 di Pulau Badi Selat Makassar (Coral Bleaching Event on 2009 in Badi Island Makassar Strait)

Bleaching event is loss of zooxanthella from the marine organisms tissue, as a caused by enviromental stress. Coral bleaching fenomenom was observed on May and June 2009 in Badi Island on Makassar Strait, Indonesia . The method used in this study is identified the photos coral colonies which bleaching infected were photographed with a Ixus Digital Canon 75 camera in an underwater housing. The results showed that the bleaching corals are caused by temperature anomaly above 1,24oC higher than annually temperature 29,09oC. This phenomenom were occurred on end of May 2009. The bleaching coral species were dominanated by Pocillopora domicornis, , Acropora spp, Porites lobata, , Goniopora lobata, Favia spp, Goniastrea dan Fungia and so coral transplant from Acropora loripes. The bleached corals are not only found in hard corals, but also in species of soft corals and coral reef zooxanthellae symbiosis invertebrates. The average areas of bleached colonies were 69 ?? 26%, there were some parts of the colonies had died and several tissues were bleached but still alive. Approximately 5 ??? 20% of colonies were found had died and conversely, there were 75% of the total colonies were still alive but in bleaching progress

THE OCCURRENCE OF JELLYFISH IN COASTAL WATERS OF MAKASSAR, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Jellyfish can be found in most coastal waters and their occurrence can be frequent during the day. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of jellyfish based on the oceanographic condition in the coastal waters of Makassar. Observations were conducted in July-September 2018 at three stations namely Port of Soekarno Hatta (Station 1), Port of Paotere (Station 2), and Port of Untia (Station 3). Jellyfish sampling was conducted in the morning, noon and afternoon, from three stations as aforementioned. Jellyfish samples were taken and identified at the Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin. Oceanographic conditions, i.e. temperature, salinity, transparency, and current velocity, were measured. All data were analyzed descriptively. It showed that the oceanographical conditions were in the suitable range for supporting jellyfish growth. Three genera of jellyfish were found, namely Aurelia, Porpita, and Aequorea. Aurelia was abundant in Station 1 and 2, whereas Porpita in Station 3. It also showed that during the afternoon, the jellyfish occurred more frequently

Perkembangan Larva dalam Embriogenesis Karang Acropora Hasil Pemijahan Ex-situ

Fertilization and larval development determine the coral population survivalof species, which has adifference characteristic of embryogenesis. This research wasaimed to compare the embryo and larvaldevelopment spawned in November 2011 in Grear Barrier Reef, Australia.Embryonic cellsdevelopment wereobserved in interval timesfrom one cell of egg tomulticellular stage (prawnchip), and larval developmentobserved from the prawnchip stageto the planulae.The results showed the development of embryos and larvaesignificantly differed between two species, i.e. embryos and larvae of Acropora millepora grew faster thanA.tenuis. The maximum size of planulae larvae of A. millepora (800-1000 μm) is biggerthan A. tenuis (650-900μm). Embryo and larvae development were different due to species variability, hence this reseach can beadapted for laboratory proccess of coral larvae nursery

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GONAD PIGMENTATION AS A REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF FAVIIDAE IN SPERMONDE ARCHIPHELAGO, INDONESIA

Coral spawning occurs throughout the year in Indonesia due to tropical climate conditions that influence coral development and spawning. As representative data on coral gonad development in the Spermonde Archipelago, observations on the development of the Faviidae gonads were conducted on Barrang Lompo, Kodingareng Keke, Samalona, and Bonetambung Island. Environmental elements are measured in the form of surface water temperature and rainfall. Based on the abundance of this type of gigantic coral at the study site, coral tissue sampling was concentrated on the Faviidae. The pigmentation of the gonads of Faviidae has been studied visually in nature. The samples were carved on the coral before being photographed. To make it easier to detect the level of pigmentation in each species, coral gonadal tissue was imaged. If there is an orange, yellow, or blue tint, it indicates that the coral has colored gonads and is mature gonads, indicating that coral spawning will occur soon. A water lever logger was used to measure the temperature of the water. The results of water temperature measurements vary and can be linked to the development of coral pigmentation as well as observations from November to March when the third phase (pigmented) process in Faviidae was considered to have happened in large numbers. It is possible that Faviidae can breed during this sensitive period. Rainfall data was gathered from Makassar City's Paotere Maritime Meteorological Station

PREFERENSI DAN DAYA PREDASI Acanthaster planci TERHADAP KARANG KERAS

Artikel ini sdh dipresentasekan dlm kegiatan Simposium Nasional Terumbu Karang II di Jakarta tahun 2008 dan sdh dipublikasikan dlm bentuk prosiding di tahun 2009Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis preferensi makan Acanthaster planci terhadap karang keras, laju predasi, waktu dan tingkah laku makannya. Penelitian dirancang secara eksperimental dengan mengurung hewan ini pada daerah terumbu karang. Hewan uji dikelompokkan menurut fase hidup yaitu early juvenil dan juvenil dan diamati kesenangannya dalam memangsa karang beserta luasan karang yang mati akibat predasinya, selain itu juga diamati waktu makan dan tingkah laku makannya selama 24 jam selama 3 hari pengamatan. Luasan karang yang mati diukur dengan pendekatan luas lingkaran jika berbentuk bulat dan luasan persegi panjang jika menyerupai kotak atau persegi. Perbandingan luasan karang yang dimangsa dikelompokkan menurut bentuk pertumbuhan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan bantuan grafik. Sedangkan kajian perbedaan laju predasi dilakukan berdasarkan tingkatan fase hidup dan bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji t-student. Adapun waktu makan dan tingkah laku makan dikelompokkan menurut fase hidup dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan bantuan tabel dan grafik. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Acanthaster planci baik pada fase juvenile maupun fase early juvenile menyenangi bentuk karang tabulate (Acropora sp.) dalam memilih makanannya. Laju predasi pada fase juvenile (249,33 cm2/hari/ind) lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan fase early juvenil (134,67 cm2/hari/ind). Adapun waktu makan menunjukkan bahwa pada fase juvenile cenderung memilih waktu makan pada siang hari (kondisi terang), sebaliknya untuk fase early juvenile memilih waktu makan pada malam hari (kondisi gelap). Pola pergerakan Acanthaster planci dalam kurungan untuk fase juvenile terlihat meninggalkan posisi awal penempatan dan bergerak membentuk kelompok-kelompok kecil, sedangkan pada fase early juvenile cenderung bergerak menyebar menjauhi posisi awal penempatan dan bersembunyi di antara bongkahan karang

Pembelajaran Pengelolaan Terumbu Karang di Sekitar Lokasi Pengeboran Minyak dan Gas Lapangan Tiaka, Tomori Sulawesi Tengah

Offshore oil drilling creates impacts to marine ecosystem, not only to the lives in the water column but also tobenthic organisms. Coral reefs is one indicator that is prone to physical and chemical impacts of oil drilling. AJoint Operating Body, Pertamina-Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB PTMS) has been operating since2005/2006 in the vicinity of Gusung Tiaka, Morowalu Utara, Central Sulawesi. JOB PTMS has a commitmentand responsibility to the sustainability coral reefs in the vicinity of drilling. Until recently, coral reefmanagement activities conducted were, coral reefs monitoring and restoring (using transplantation method) aswell as cleaning up from predator Acanthaster plancii. Coral reefs monitoring runs periodically in 2008-2014 in6 points of control. The coral reefs were in bad to good conditions, with mortality index 0.16-0.72 (scale 0-1).Coral reefs damaged was resulted from many factors namely, illegal fishing and predator Acanthaster planciiwith abundance of less than 30 individuals/hectare. Coral fish diversity index was 4,74-6.06. Coraltransplantation was moderate, not only the coral growth but also nekton (fish) recruitment with high number inthe vicinity of the transplantations. Coral reef management nearby drilling area has been running gradually, aswell as developing relevant programs with environment responsibility in the vicinity of Blok Tiaka, NorthMorowali

KAJIAN TENTANG PELEPASAN POLIP (BAIL-OUT) KARANG LUNAK Sinularia flexibilis SECARA BUATAN

There are two methods reproduction of soft coral, they are 1) sexual and 2) asexsual reproduction.\ud One part of asexual reproduction is Bail out. Bail out is polyp that live its colony to make an a new\ud organism. This method can produce many polyp. Sinularia flexibilis is one of spesies soft coral. To\ud make polyp bail out can use several methods. Those method are stressing temperature, aeration,\ud desication, and water irrigation. The most sucsesfull methods are stressing temperature, and aeration

Analisis 14C Modern dalam Karang Goniastrea favulus di Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan melalui Metode Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentuan aktivitas spesifik 14C karang modern dari Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan dengan metode Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). Pengambilan sampel karang Goniastrea favulus dilakukan di Pulau Ballang Caddi dan Pulau Lamputang wilayah middle inner zone Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini melalui tiga tahapan, yakni: pencucian sampel karang, ekstraksi karbonat, dan pengukuran aktivitas 14C menggunakan LSC Hidex 300 SL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik rata-rata 14C dari karang Goniastrea favulus adalah 15,31 ± 0,6 dpm/g. Nilai aktivitas 14C karang modern di laut dan karang mati di daratan tidak berbeda signifikan