Results of an intact pig brain tissue.

<p>(A) Spin echo images of the sample. A large voxel of 18 × 18 × 18 mm³ is marked by a green dashed rectangle, and a small voxel of 6 × 6 × 6 mm³ is marked by a red dashed rectangle. (B) Conventional 1D non-localized spectrum and the expanded region for metabolites. (C) Conventional 2D <i>J</i>PRESS spectrum after a clockwise rotation of 45° and its projection along the F2 axis acquired from the small voxel after the field shimming procedure. (D) Conventional 2D <i>J</i>PRESS spectrum after a clockwise rotation of 45° and its projection along the F2 axis acquired from the large voxel without the field shimming procedure. (E) 2D localized iDQC<i>J</i>RES spectrum and its 1D <i>J</i>-decoupled projection along the F3 axis acquired from the large voxel without the field shimming procedure.</p

Comparison of spectral results of an intact pig brain tissue obtained by localized iDQC<i>J</i>RES and conventional <i>J</i>PRESS methods.

<p>* The left and right values in the following lists are from the iDQC<i>J</i>RES spectrum of the large voxel and the <i>J</i>PRESS spectrum of the small voxel, respectively.</p><p>** Multiplet patterns are defined as: singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), double doublet (dd), and multiplet (m).</p><p>*** n.o. = not observable.</p><p>Comparison of spectral results of an intact pig brain tissue obtained by localized iDQC<i>J</i>RES and conventional <i>J</i>PRESS methods.</p

SECSY spectra of a solution of butyl methacrylate in DMSO.

<p>(A, B) Conventional spectrum with 1D projection along the F2 axis in a well-shimmed field (A) and in an inhomogeneous field with a line-width of 150 Hz (B); (C, D) spectra with 1D projection along the F3 axis in the same inhomogeneous field acquired from DDF-SECSY (C) and DDF-SECSY with ultrafast acquisition scheme (D). The regions of component peak of <i>a</i> and both component and cross peaks of <i>e</i> are expanded for comparison. The structure of butyl methacrylate with proton marked is shown on the top of the frame.</p

The shearing process for 3D DDF-SECSY data of butyl methacrylate in DMSO: (A) original 3D spectrum before shearing and (B) processed 3D spectrum after shearing.

<p>The given F1–F2 plane where a singlet signal at 3.1 ppm lies is selected to show the rotation of signal streaks by shearing process. Before shearing, the signal streaks are parallel to the F2–F3 plane and perpendicular to the F1 dimension. After shearing process, the signal streaks only stretch along F2 dimension and are perpendicular to the F1–F3 plane, resulting in high-resolution SECSY information on the F1–F3 plane.</p

SECSY spectra of an aqueous solution of brain metabolites.

<p>(A) Conventional spectrum in an inhomogeneous field with a line-width of 200 Hz; (B) DDF-SECSY spectrum using ultrafast acquisition scheme. The marked regions are expanded for comparison.</p

Table_1_The effect of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio on mortality risk in the general population.docx

BackgroundThe relationship between the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and all−cause and cardiovascular mortality has not been elucidated. Herein, we intend to probe the effect of the TC/HDL-C ratio on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.MethodsFrom the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), a total of 32,405 health participants aged ≥18 years were included. The TC/HDL-C levels were divided into five groups: Q1: 5.07. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to explore the relationship between the TC/HDL-C ratio and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Two−piecewise linear regression models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to explore nonlinear and irregularly shaped relationships. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and subgroup analyses were conducted.ResultsThe population comprised 15,675 men and 16,730 women with a mean age of 43 years. During a median follow-up of 98 months (8.1 years), 2,859 mortality cases were recorded. The TC/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality showed a nonlinear association after adjusting for confounding variables in the restricted cubic spline analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality were particularly positively related to the level of TC/HDL-C ratio in the higher range >5.07 and in the lower range ConclusionA nonlinear association between the TC/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality was found, indicating that a too-low or too-high TC/HDL-C ratio might increase all-cause mortality. However, for cardiovascular mortality, it does not seem so. The cutoff value was 4.22. The individuals had higher cardiovascular mortality with a TC/HDL-C ratio >4.22.</p

GWA analysis of Al tolerance within and across 56 cultivated and 110 Tibetan wild subgroups.

<p>Four root parameters were applied for evaluating Al tolerance: TRG (×), RTRG (□), LRG (+) and RLRG (□;). GWA analysis was firstly conducted using three different methods: Q, k and Q+k methods. Then, k method was selected to perform GWA analysis in cultivated and Tibetan wild subgroups individually. Significant associations were identified using criterion of −log10(P) >2 or 3.</p

Population structure and Δk.

<p>(a, b) Population structure of 166 barley accessions based on genetic diversity detected by 469 DArT markers with k = 2 (a) and k = 3 (b). X axis represents 1–166 accessions. Each accession ordered by membership coefficient (Q) is represented by a line partitioned in colored segments that represent the individual's estimated membership fractions. The number behind k means the total number of subpopulations, and the number behind Q represents which subpopulation the accession belongs to. (c) Δk. Estimation of the most probable number of clusters (k), based on 10 independent runs and k ranging from 1 to 10.</p

Quantile–quantile (Q-Q) plots of estimated −log₁₀(P).

<p>Q−Q plots were displayed in four marker-trait association analysis using three models: a Q method, b k method, c Q+k method. The black line is the expected line under the null distribution. Red symbol represents the observed P values for LRG, yellow for TRG, blue for RLRG and green for RTRG.</p

Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Proteomic Analysis of Germinating Barley under Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid Treatments

The degradation of starch in barley grains is a primary step of beer production. The addition of an appropriate amount of gibberellin (GA) promotes the production of fermentable sugars, beneficial to the brewing industry. However, the response of proteomics in germinating barley to GA and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments is not thoroughly understood. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics analysis was performed to illustrate the change of proteins in Tibetan wild barley XZ72 and XZ95 under GA and ABA treatments during germination. XZ72 had more proteins upregulated than XZ95 under GA treatment, while under ABA treatments, XZ95 had more proteins upregulated than XZ72. Concerning the proteins involved in energy metabolism under GA treatment, XZ72 had more proteins upregulated than XZ95. Among the 174 proteins related to starch metabolism, 31 proteins related to starch hydrolysis, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and β-fructofuranosidase, showed higher relative abundance in control and GA treatments in XZ72 than in XZ95. Analysis of correlation between proteins and metabolites indicated that higher hydrolase activity is beneficial for the accumulation of fermentable sugars during germination. On the other hand, 26 starch-synthesis-related proteins were upregulated in XZ95 under ABA treatment. It may be suggested that GA-induced proteins act as accelerators of starch degradation, while ABA-induced proteins inhibit starch degradation. The current results showed that XZ72 is highly capable of allocating the starch-hydrolyzing enzymes, which play important roles in starch breakdown