Bearing Fault Diagnosis using Multi-sensor Fusion based on weighted D-S Evidence Theory

This paper has presented a novel method for bearing fault diagnosis using a multi-sensor fusion approach based on an improved weighted Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA). Vibration measurements are collected from an industrial multi-stage centrifugal air compressor using three wireless acceleration sensors. Fine-to-Coarse Multiscale Permutation Entropy (F2CMPE) is applied to extract the complexity changes of vibration data sets. Then, the extracted feature vectors produced by F2CMPE via multiple scales are fed into Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for fault classification. The normalized probability outputs of BPNN are considered now as inputs of the proposed weighted D-S evidence theory for multi-sensor information fusion. The measurements collected from real industrial equipment are analyzed using the proposed diagnosis method, and the experimental validation has demonstrated its efficiency to identify rolling bearing conditions, the results of which have also shown higher accuracy compared to those using individual sensor signal analysis

Pathological Features and Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Infected Tomato Fruit

An in-house tomato inbred line, YNAU335, was planted in a greenhouse in spring from 2014 to 2017, and showed immunity to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). YNAU335 was infected with TSWV in the spring from 2018 to 2020, and disease was observed on the leaves, sepals, and fruits. In 2021 and 2022, YNAU335 was planted in spring in the same greenhouse, which was suspected of being infected with TSWV, and visible disease symptoms were observed on the fruits. Transmission electron microscopy, deep sequencing of small RNAs, and molecular mutation diagnosis were used to analyze the pathological features and genetic polymorphism of TSWV infecting tomato fruit. Typical TSWV virions were observed in the infected fruits, but not leaves from YNAU335 grown between 2021 and 2022, and cross-infection was very rarely observed. The number of mitochondria and chloroplasts increased, but the damage to the mitochondria was greater than that seen in the chloroplasts. Small RNA deep sequencing revealed the presence of multiple viral species in TSWV-infected and non-infected tomato samples grown between 2014–2022. Many virus species, including TSWV, which accounted for the largest proportion, were detected in the TSWV-infected tomato leaves and fruit. However, a variety of viruses other than TSWV were also detected in the non-infected tissues. The amino acids of TSWV nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) and movement proteins (MPs) from diseased fruits of YNAU335 picked in 2021–2022 were found to be very diverse. Compared with previously identified NPs and MPs from TSWV isolates, those found in this study could be divided into three types: non-resistance-breaking, resistance-breaking, and other isolates. The number of positive clones and a comparison with previously identified amino acid mutations suggested that mutation F at AA118 of the MP (GenBank OL310707) is likely the key to breaking the resistance to TSWV, and this mutation developed only in the infected fruit of YNAU335 grown in 2021 and 2022

Table1_Comparison of the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells on erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury.DOCX

Background: Cavernous nerve injury (CNI) is the leading cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy and pelvic fracture. Transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been widely used to restore erectile function in CNI-ED rats and patients. Umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (CBMSCs) are similarly low immunogenic but much primitive compared to ASCs and more promising in large-scale commercial applications due to the extensive establishment of cord blood banks. However, whether CBMSCs and ASCs have differential therapeutic efficacy on CNI-ED and the underlying mechanisms are still not clear.Materials and methods: A bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) rat model was established by crushing the bilateral cavernous nerves. After crushing, ASCs and CBMSCs were intracavernously injected immediately. Erectile function, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence analyses of penile tissues were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. PKH-26-labeled ASCs or CBMSCs were intracavernously injected to determine the presence and differentiation of ASCs or CBMSCs in the penis 3 days after injection. In vitro experiments including intracellular ROS detection, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, EdU cell proliferation staining, cell apoptosis assay, and protein chip assay were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of CBMSC treatment compared with ASC treatment.Results: CBMSC injection significantly restored erectile function, rescued the loss of cavernous corporal smooth muscles, and increased the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen. PKH-26-labeled CBMSCs or ASCs did not colocalize with endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. Moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) of CBMSCs could significantly inhibit the oxidative stress and elevate the mitochondria membrane potential and proliferation of Schwann cells. Better therapeutic effects were observed in the CBMSC group than the ASC group both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the content of neurotrophic factors and matrix metalloproteinases in CBMSC-CM, especially NT4, VEGF, MMP1, and MMP3 was significantly higher than that of ASC-CM.Conclusion: Intracavernous injection of CBMSCs exhibited a better erectile function restoration than that of ASCs in CNI-ED rats owing to richer secretory factors, which can promote nerve regeneration and reduce extracellular matrix deposition. CBMSC transplantation would be a promising therapeutic strategy for CNI-ED regeneration in the future.</p