How to Render Mathematical Symbols in Java

Current math software provides limited interactivity and dynamics when conveying math ideas. We are developing prototype Java toolkits to display math-embedded documents in a more dynamic and interactive way. The core task of current project is to create a Java implementation of a MathML (in which a math expression is encoded) rendering engine, which can render a math expression in such a way that not only the whole expression but also every term in it is accessible from user as well as from the parts of the document that include it. The focus of this paper is on how to render each single math symbol, be it "normal" or "stretchy"

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene network regulation of TGase-induced thermotolerance in tomato

Transglutaminase (TGase), the ubiquitous protein in plants, catalyzes the post-translational transformation of proteins and plays a vital role in photosynthesis. However, its role and mechanism in tomato subjected to heat stress still remain unknown. Here, we carried out a transcriptomic assay to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wild type (WT) and TGase overexpression (TGaseOE) plants employed to high-temperature at 42 °C and samples were collected after 0, 6, and 12 h, respectively. A total of 11,516 DEGs were identified from heat-stressed seedlings, while 1,148 and 1,353 DEGs were up-and down-regulated, respectively. The DEGs upon high-temperature stress were closely associated with the pathways encompassing protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, carbon fixation, and photosynthetic metabolism. In addition, 425 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and the majority of them associated with the bHLH, HSF, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families. RNA-seq data validation further confirmed that 8 genes were linked to protein processing and photosynthesis, and the mRNA level of these genes in TGaseOE was higher than that in WT plants, which is consistent in transcriptome results. In conclusion, these results reveal the transcriptional regulation between WT and TGaseOE in tomato under heat stress and shed light on a new dimension of knowledge of TGase-mediated thermotolerance mechanism at the molecular level

Преступления в таможенной сфере: характеристика, выявление, ответственность

Объектом исследования является таможенный орган как средство обеспечения экономической безопасности. Цель работы - выявление проблем, возникающих у таможенных органов, как органов дознания при расследовании преступлений в сфере экономической деятельности и разработка рекомендаций, направленных на повышение эффективности правоохранительной деятельности таможенных органов как органов дознания. В процессе исследования был проведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы, регулирующей деятельность таможенных органов, а также практика расследования уголовных дел. В результате исследования были выявлены проблемы, возникающие у таможенных органов при расследовании преступлений и предложены рекомендации по решению этих проблем.The object of the research is customs authorities as tool of providing of economic safety. The goal of the work is the identification of problems, which customs authorities face while the process of investigation of crimes in economic sphere and developing some recommendations aimed to raise the efficiency of customs authorities’ activity. In the researching process there was an analysis of the regulatory framework, which adjusts the customs authorities’ activity and the practice of investigation of crimes in economic sphere. As a result of the research some problems, which customs authorities face while the process of investigation, were revealed and there are some offers aimed to solve this problems

Concept for a Future Super Proton-Proton Collider

Following the discovery of the Higgs boson at LHC, new large colliders are being studied by the international high-energy community to explore Higgs physics in detail and new physics beyond the Standard Model. In China, a two-stage circular collider project CEPC-SPPC is proposed, with the first stage CEPC (Circular Electron Positron Collier, a so-called Higgs factory) focused on Higgs physics, and the second stage SPPC (Super Proton-Proton Collider) focused on new physics beyond the Standard Model. This paper discusses this second stage.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures, 5 table

Artemisia pollen allergy in China : Component-resolved diagnosis reveals allergic asthma patients have significant multiple allergen sensitization

Background: Artemisia pollen allergy is a major cause of asthma in Northern China. Possible associations between IgE responses to Artemisia allergen components and clinical phenotypes have not yet been evaluated. This study was to establish sensitization patterns of four Artemisia allergens and possible associations with demographic characteristics and clinical phenotypes in three areas of China. Methods: Two hundred and forty patients allergic to Artemisia pollen were examined, 178 from Shanxi and 30 from Shandong Provinces in Northern China, and 32 from Yunnan Province in Southwestern China. Allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and eczema symptoms were diagnosed. All patients sera were tested by ImmunoCAP with mugwort pollen extract and the natural components nArt v 1, nArt ar 2, nArt v 3, and nArt an 7. Results: The frequency of sensitization and the IgE levels of the four components in Artemisia allergic patients from Southwestern China were significantly lower than in those from the North. Art v 1 and Art an 7 were the most frequently recognized allergens (84% and 87%, respectively), followed by Art v 3 (66%) and Art ar 2 (48%). Patients from Northern China were more likely to have allergic asthma (50%) than patients from Southwestern China (3%), and being sensitized to more than two allergens increased the risk of allergic asthma, in which cosensitization to three major allergens Art v 1, Art v 3, and Art an 7 is prominent. Conclusions: Componentresolved diagnosis of Chinese Artemisia pollenallergic patients helps assess the potential risk of mugwortassociated allergic asthma.(VLID)329956

Simulation of chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis : Hydrogen on Pd(111) surface

Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l’adsorption dissociative de l’hydrogène sur Pd(111) ainsi que la diffusion d’un atome de l’hydrogène sur ce même surface. A l’aide de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité, nous avons mené une étude systématique de l’effet du recouvrement en surface sur l’énergétique de la dissociation de H2 sur une surface de Pd(111) couverte par des atomes de l’hydrogène. Un résultat surprenant que nous avons trouvé est que les atomes adsorbés ont non seulement un effet de poison mais peuvent aussi promouvoir la dissociation de H2 s’ils sont adsorbés sur des sites loin de la molécule d’hydrogène qui dissocie. En ce qui concerne la diffusion d’un atome d’ hydrogène sur Pd(111), nous avons déterminé le coefficient de diffusion par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire en utilisant la formule d’Einstein à différente température de la surface, Ts=500K, 300K and 250K. Une méthode de la dynamique moléculaire accélérée a été développée afin d’étudier la diffusion à bases températures. Dans notre approche, l’accélération se fait moyennant l’augmentation de l’énergie cinétique de l’atome qui diffuse suivant une distribution Maxwell-Boltzmann qui correspond à une température plus élevée et la correction de l’échelle de temps d’une façon consistante. Pour tester la validité de notre approche, nous avons effectué des simulations pour la diffusion d’un atome d’hydrogène sur Pd(111) à Ts=300K and Ts=100K. Les résultats obtenus par la méthode accélérée est en bon accord avec ceux de la simulation standard. Par la méthode accélérée, l’échelle de temps peut être étendu à l’ordre de micro-secondes.In this thesis, we studied dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pd(111) with particular attention paid to the surface coverage effect and the diffusion of a hydrogen adatom on Pd(111). With the help of DFT calculations, we carried out a systematic investigation of the effect of H-adatoms on the dissociation energetics of H2 on H-covered Pd(111) surfaces at various coverages. A quite surprising finding is that the H-adatoms do not only have a poisoning effect but can also promote H2 dissociation when they are adsorbed on sites which are sufficiently far from the dissociating H2 molecule. The macroscopic diffusion coefficient of an H-adatom on Pd(111) is determined from molecular dynamics simulations with the help of Einstein formula for different surface temperatures, i.e., Ts=500K, 300K and 250K. An accelerated molecular dynamics method was developed in order to study the diffusion at low surface temperatures. In our approach, the acceleration is achieved by increasing the kinetic energy of the diffusing atom according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at a higher temperature and correcting the time scale in a consistent way. For testing the validity of our method, we performed simulations for the diffusion of H adatom on Pd(111) surface at T=300K and T=100K. The diffusion coefficient obtained from the accelerated MD method is in agreement with that obtained from the direct MD and TST methods. And the physical time scale can be extended to the order of microseconds

Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance

GO was diffused into different size samples by dialysis. The experimental results showed that the GO in uniform size had better anti-friction and lubrication effects

Molecular Characterization and SNP-Based Molecular Marker Development of Two Novel High Molecular Weight Glutenin Genes from <i>Triticum spelta</i> L.

Spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) is a valuable source of new gene resources for wheat genetic improvement. In the present study, two novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 1Ax2.1* at Glu-A1 and 1By19* at Glu-B1 from German spelt wheat were identified. The encoding genes of both subunits were amplified and cloned by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), and the complete sequences of open reading frames (ORF) were obtained. 1Ax2.1* with 2478 bp and 1By19* with 2163 bp encoded 824 and 720 amino acid residues, respectively. Molecular characterization showed that both subunits had a longer repetitive region, and high percentage of α-helices at the N- and C-termini, which are beneficial for forming superior gluten macropolymers. Protein modelling by AlphaFold2 revealed similar three-diamensional (3D) structure features of 1Ax2.1* with two x-type superior quality subunits (1Ax1 and 1Ax2*) and 1By19* with four y-type superior quality subunits (1By16, 1By9, 1By8 and 1By18). Four cysteine residues in the three x-type subunits (1Ax2.1*, 1Ax1 and 1Ax2*) and the cysteine in intermediate repeat region of y-type subunits were not expected to participate in intramolecular disulfide bond formation, but these cysteines might form intermolecular disulfide bonds with other glutenins and gliadins to enhance gluten macropolymer formation. The SNP-based molecular markers for 1Ax2.1* and 1By19* genes were developed, which were verified in different F2 populations and recombination inbred lines (RILs) derived from crossing between spelt wheat and bread wheat cultivars. This study provides data on new glutenin genes and molecular markers for wheat quality improvement