Stripe-line coil for magnetic-field generation in bubble memory devices

Coil etched from conductive film has better field uniformity than wire-wound coils and less coil loss at high-frequency operation

Open coil structure for bubble-memory-device packaging

Concept has several important advantages over close-wound system: memory and coil chips are separate and interchangeable; interconnections in coil level are eliminated by packing memory chip and electronics in single structure; and coil size can be adjusted to optimum value in terms of power dissipation and field uniformity

Transmission tree of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) epidemic in Israel, 2015

The transmission tree of the Israeli 2015 epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) was modelled by combining the spatio-temporal distribution of the outbreaks and the genetic distance between virus isolates. The most likely successions of transmission events were determined and transmission parameters were estimated. It was found that the median infectious pressure exerted at 1 km was 1.59 times (95% CI 1.04, 6.01) and 3.54 times (95% CI 1.09, 131.75) higher than that exerted at 2 and 5 km, respectively, and that three farms were responsible for all seven transmission events. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0393-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Relaxed Newton-like methods for stiff differential systems

AbstractNewton-like methods are commonly used to solve the nonlinear equations arising in the numerical solution of stiff differential equations. We show that easily calculable relaxation factors may be used to improve the convergence properties of such methods. The technique is also applicable when partitioning methods are used

Review of: Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, by P. Deuflhard

In the context of solving nonlinear equations, the term affine invariance was introduced to describe the fact that when a function F: Rn → Rn is transformed to G = AF ,where A is an invertible matrix, then the equation F(x) = 0 has the same solutions as G(x) = 0, and the Newton iterates Xk+1 = Xk-F\u27(Xk)-1F(Xk) remain unchanged when F is replaced by G. The idea was that this property of Newton\u27s method should be reflected in its convergence analysis and practical implementation, not only on aesthetic grounds but also because the resulting algorithms would likely be less sensitive to scaling, conditioning, and other numerical issues

The separation of the East Australian Current: A Lagrangian approach to potential vorticity and upstream control

The East Australian Current (EAC) is the western boundary current flowing along the east coast of Australia separating from the coast at approximately 34°S. After the separation two main pathways can be distinguished, the eastward flowing Tasman Front and the extension of the EAC flowing southward. The area south of the separation latitude is eddy-rich and the separation latitude of the EAC is variable. Little is known of the properties of the water masses that separate at the bifurcation of the EAC. This paper presents new insights from the Lagrangian perspective, where the water masses that veer east and those that continue south are tracked in an eddy-permitting numerical model. The transport along the two pathways is computed, and a 1:3 ratio between transport in the EAC extension and transport in the Tasman Front is found. The results show that the "fate" of the particles is to first order already determined by the particle distribution within the EAC current upstream of the separation latitude, where 85% of the particles following the EAC extension originate from below 460 m and 90% of the particles following the Tasman Front originate from the top 460 m depth at 28°S. The separation and pathways are controlled by the structure of the isopycnals in this region. Analysis of anomalies in potential vorticity show that in the region where the two water masses overlap, the fate of the water depends on the presence of anticyclonic eddies that push isopycnals down and therefore enable particles to travel further south

PPPs for Industry Output: A New Dataset for International Comparisons

International comparisons of output, prices and productivity have been hampered by the unavailability of comprehensive sets of PPPs at the industry level. Existing expenditure PPPs and production PPPs both have their limitations. This paper proposes to use a mix of both for industry level comparisons. On the basis of a supply-use framework, the paper identifies how expenditure prices and output prices are conceptually related. It developscriteria on the basis of which an optimal mix of expenditure PPPs and production PPPs can be chosen. The paper then shows a PPP dataset for gross output for 45 industries (capturing the total economy) and 25 advanced countries. This dataset is the first comprehensive dataset of PPPs covering this large number of industries and countries. We illustrate its potential for research purposes by analysing patterns of relative prices in manufacturing and services.