129 research outputs found

    Energy management and conservation in the hotel industry of Cyprus : a systematic modelling approach

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    The present research has investigated the problem of energy management and conservation in the Hotel sector of Cyprus; one of the most important and most dynamic sectors of the island's economy. The methodology of the soft systems approach was considered as the most appropriate method for tackling the complexities involved in the problem situation. The outcome of the research demonstrated that the adoption of this methodology is suitable for investigating problems of energy management and conservation and can indeed be extended by use of "systemic" interactive computer simulation methods. The existing problem situation in the Hotel industry was investigated through design and execution of questionnaires addressed to the main human actors, energy audits, site visits, discussions and statistical analysis of energy related factors. Serious deficiencies were found at all levels. Energy consumption and use patterns were analysed with respect to quantity, quality and timing of energy use. Existing and new technologies were evaluated using life cycle cost-effective analysis methods. Evaluation of alternative energy supply "mixes" using computer simulation techniques were made, which demonstrated the viability of cogeneration, wind and solar collection approaches in some situations. The research concluded that: (a) there is good scope for energy conservation (in the range of 10-20%) by modifying user habits, hotel energy demand, remodeling of existing technology and introduction of new energy efficient technology. (b) there is an immediate need to provide training and education to all human factors involved. (c) there is a need to modify existing energy-policies. (d) there is need to introduce new energy management infrastructure at National level and below. (e) there is real need for changing the attitudes towards energy conservation of all "actors" involved. (f) there is need for further investigation of the energy supply and demand patterns of hotels. Recommendations concerning the introduction of training and education, and changes in policy, attitudes, practice and energy use, and infrastructure are made. All recommendations are based on conceptual models developed following the application of the soft systems methodology

    Heat sinks based on liquid metal for power electronics cooling applications

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    PhD ThesisPower semiconductor devices are key components for efficient power conversion in a wide range of industrial applications. The continuous trend toward increasing the power capability and decreasing the chip area of the semiconductors results in the generation of high heat fluxes, due to the power losses. Also, power electronics are one of the most common components of the power converter to fail, as a result of the thermomechanical stress within the structure of power module caused by large junction temperature swings (∆Tj). Effective and efficient thermal management systems should therefore be employed to dissipate the excess heat to the ambient environment and reduce the thermomechanical stress. Liquid metals received little attention as heat transport agents thus far, in spite of their excellent thermophysical properties. Also, their high electrical conductivity allows for driving them with a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) pump, which is a reliable and low–power device. Hence, a thermal management system based on Ga68In22Sn10 liquid metal coolant is able to remove high heat fluxes, requires low operating power and provides high reliability; all desirable attributes for modern power electronic applications. This thesis focuses on the design and development of a cooling system based on liquid metal for conventional insulated–gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are the most widely used power electronic switches for medium–to–high power conversion applications. The proposed heat sink is attached to the IGBT power module and liquid metal is impinged directly against the baseplate with the use of an integrated MHD pump, thus eliminating the need for thermal interface material (TIM). Moreover, an adaptive thermal management method based on liquid metal flow control is presented that is able to significantly reduce ∆Tj . Also in this thesis, the design and development of a liquid metal heat sink for press–pack IGBTs (PPIs) is proposed. Traditionally, water is used for cooling PPIs in high–power applications. However, ionised particles are developed in the cooling system that contribute to the corrosion of the piping system. Therefore, the use of a thermal management system based on liquid metal increases the heat dissipation capability without corroding the cooling structure. Analytical work is performed on the design of both heat sinks and the implementation of the temperature control method. The thermal performance of both heat sinks, as well as the adaptive heat sink control, are experimentally validated

    Le discours sur la protection du patrimoine en Turquie des Tanzimat à nos jours

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    (…) [D]ans un document officiel émanant du ministère de l’Intérieur, daté du 9 septembre 1890, la nécessité de « nettoyer la place de Sultanahmet de tout ce qui porte atteinte à son suprême raffinement et, ce faisant, de mieux mettre en ordre et en valeur l’environnement des œuvres anciennes » est soulignée. Cet aménagement, en fait, ne sera réalisé qu’entre les années 1899 et 1901, au moment de l’érection de la fontaine de l’Empereur Guillaume II. Ensuite, par une décision du 7 octobre 1894,..

    Le discours sur la protection du patrimoine en Turquie des Tanzimat à nos jours

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    (…) [D]ans un document officiel émanant du ministère de l’Intérieur, daté du 9 septembre 1890, la nécessité de « nettoyer la place de Sultanahmet de tout ce qui porte atteinte à son suprême raffinement et, ce faisant, de mieux mettre en ordre et en valeur l’environnement des œuvres anciennes » est soulignée. Cet aménagement, en fait, ne sera réalisé qu’entre les années 1899 et 1901, au moment de l’érection de la fontaine de l’Empereur Guillaume II. Ensuite, par une décision du 7 octobre 1894,..

    Of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans

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    BACKGROUND: Sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the Middle Eastern and South-Eastern European cuisines. Although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. The aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of Turkey and the Balkans. Methods: Field studies were conducted during broader ethnobotanical surveys, as well as during ad-hoc investigations between the years 2011 and 2014 that included diverse rural communities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Primary ethnobotanical and folkloric literatures in each country were also considered. Results: Eighty-seven botanical taxa, mainly wild, belonging to 50 genera and 27 families, were found to represent the bio-cultural heritage of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. The greatest plant biodiversity in sarma was found in Turkey and, to less extent, in Bulgaria and Romania. The most commonly used leaves for preparing sarma were those of cabbage (both fresh and lacto-fermented), grape vine, beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, lime tree, bean, and spinach. In a few cases, the leaves of endemic species (Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and R. olympicus in Turkey) were recorded. Other uncommon sarma preparations were based on lightly toxic taxa, such as potato leaves in NE Albania, leaves of Arum, Convolvulus, and Smilax species in Turkey, of Phytolacca americana in Macedonia, and of Tussilago farfara in diverse countries. Moreover, the use of leaves of the introduced species Reynoutria japonica in Romania, Colocasia esculenta in Turkey, and Phytolacca americana in Macedonia shows the dynamic nature of folk cuisines. Conclusion: The rich ethnobotanical diversity of sarma confirms the urgent need to record folk culinary plant knowledge. The results presented here can be implemented into initiatives aimed at re-evaluating folk cuisines and niche food markets based on local neglected ingredients, and possibly also to foster trajectories of the avant-garde cuisines inspired by ethnobotanical knowledge

    Accuracy assessment of a novel optical image guided system for trans-nasal sinus and skull base surgeries

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    Purpose: Many studies have been conducted on assessment of navigation accuracy on cadaver head using pre-installed CT fiducials. However, there are fewer studies on assessing accuracy on real patient due to its complexity in measuring Target Registration Error (TRE). In this paper we propose a new approach for quantifying navigation accuracy on the real patients. This paper summarizes the results of navigation accuracy of a novel optical image guided navigation system evaluated on over 20 patients.Method: Commercially available optical navigation system (Navient Image guided navigation system - ClaroNav Kolahi Inc., Toronto, Canada) was used on over 20 patients from 2017 to 2019. Navient employs both landmarks based and trace based registration. Since mounting CT fiducials on the real patients is invasive and impractical, we developed a new approach to measure the distance from the navigation probe to the patient’s skin as a new metric to quantify navigation accuracy. The measurement was conducted in dozens of locations including patient’s forehead, temples and base of the nose. These anatomical locations were chosen very carefully to represent navigation accuracy in coronal, sagittal and axial directions respectively. Furthermore, our method also eliminates human errors involved in the TRE measurements which is the main source of error in TRE studies.Results: The average Euclidian distance from skin on 23 patients were 1.47(mm). the standard deviation of the accuracy was 0.28(mm). Low STD demonstrates consistent accuracy during the two year course of the study.Conclusion: A new noninvasive approach for accuracy assessment of image guided navigation systems on real patient was proposed and validated using a novel optical navigation system. The low STD of navigation accuracy indicates its reliable accuracy

    Kostantiniye Kiliselerinden İstanbul Camilerine bir değişimin Tarihi

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    Bir alıntı ile başlayacağım. Fetihten 150 yıl sonra yazan – en tanınmış Osmanlı tarihçilerinden – Gelibolulu Âli Bey İstanbul’un fethini, savaşını, kuşatmayı anlattıktan sonra “o arada” diyor, yani fetihten sonra “İstanbul’daki kiliselerden çeşitli yerlerde 50 kadarı cami ve mescide çevrildi. Tümünün vakıf ve gelirleri ve vazifeleri tayin edildi.” Oysa bunun bugün doğru olmadığını biliyoruz, yani İstanbul’daki – İstanbul dediğim zaman burada ele aldığım suriçi İstanbul’dur; Galata, Üsküdar ve..

    Thual (François), Géopolitique de l'Orthodoxe, Collection «Relations internationales et Stratégiques», 1993

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    Yerasimos Stéphane. Thual (François), Géopolitique de l'Orthodoxe, Collection «Relations internationales et Stratégiques», 1993. In: CEMOTI, n°17, 1994. Grèce: identités, territoires, voisinages, modernisations. pp. 337-338

    Yıldız Sertel. Nord-Sud : crise et immigration (le cas turc) (Préface de Samir Amin), 1987

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    Yerasimos Stéphane. Yıldız Sertel. Nord-Sud : crise et immigration (le cas turc) (Préface de Samir Amin), 1987. In: CEMOTI, n°13, 1992. L'immigration turque en France et en Allemagne. pp. 209-211
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